ទំព័រគំរូ:Sun

ពីវិគីភីឌា
ព្រះអាទិត្យ ☉
Observation data
Mean distance
from Earth
១.496×10 គ.ម.
8 min 19 s at light speed
Visual brightness (V) −26.74[១]
Absolute magnitude 4.83[១]
Spectral classification G2V
Metallicity Z = 0.0122[២]
Angular size 31.6′ – 32.7′[៣]
Adjectives Solar
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance
from Milky Way core
~២.5×10១៧ គ.ម.
២៦០០០ light-years
Galactic period (2.25–2.50)×10 a
Velocity ~២២០ km/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy)
~២០ km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)
~៣៧០ km/s[៤] (relative to the cosmic microwave background)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter ១.392684×10 គ.ម.[៥]
Equatorial radius ៦.96342×10 គ.ម.[៥]
109 × Earth[៦]
Equatorial circumference ៤.379×10 គ.ម.[៦]
109 × Earth[៦]
Flattening ×10−៦
Surface area ៦.0877×10១២ km2
[៦]
១១៩៩០ × Earth[៦]
Volume ១.412×10១៨ km3[៦]
១៣០០០០០ × Earth
Mass ១.9891×10៣០ kg[១]
៣៣៣០០០ × Earth[១]
Average density ១.408×10 kg/m3[១][៦][៧]
Density Center (model): ១.622×10 kg/m3[១]
Lower photosphere: ×10−៤ kg/m3
Lower chromosphere: ×10−៦ kg/m3
Corona (avg): ×10−១២ kg/m3[៨]
Equatorial surface gravity ២៧៤.0 m/s2[១]
២៧.94 g
២៧៥៤២.29 cgs
28 × Earth
[៦]
Escape velocity
(from the surface)
៦១៧.7 km/s[៦]
55 × Earth[៦]
Temperature Center (modeled): ~១.57×10 K[១]
Photosphere (effective): ៥៧៧៨ K[១]
Corona: ~×10 K
Luminosity (Lsol) ៣.846×10២៦ W[១]
~៣.75×10២៨ lm
~៩៨ lm/W efficacy
Mean intensity (Isol) ២.009×10 W·m−2·sr−1
Age 4.57 billion years[៩]
Rotation characteristics
Obliquity 7.25°[១]
(to the ecliptic)
67.23°
(to the galactic plane)
Right ascension
of North pole[១០]
286.13°
19 h 4 min 30 s
Declination
of North pole
+63.87°
63° 52' North
Sidereal rotation period
(at equator)
25.05 days[១]
(at 16° latitude) 25.38 days[១]
25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s[១០]
(at poles) 34.4 days[១]
Rotation velocity
(at equator)
៧.189×10 km/h[៦]
Photospheric composition (by mass)
Hydrogen 73.46%[១១]
Helium 24.85%
Oxygen 0.77%
Carbon 0.29%
Iron 0.16%
Neon 0.12%
Nitrogen 0.09%
Silicon 0.07%
Magnesium 0.05%
Sulfur 0.04%

ឯកសារយោង

  1. ១,០០ ១,០១ ១,០២ ១,០៣ ១,០៤ ១,០៥ ១,០៦ ១,០៧ ១,០៨ ១,០៩ ១,១០ ១,១១ ១,១២ ១,១៣ Williams, D. R. (2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  2. Asplund, M., N. Grevesse and A. J. Sauval (2006). "The new solar abundances - Part I: the observations". Communications in Asteroseismology 147: 76–79. DOI:10.1553/cia147s76.
  3. "Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions". NASA. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
  4. Hinshaw, G., et al. (2009). "Five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations: data processing, sky maps, and basic results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 180 (2): 225–245. DOI:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225.
  5. ៥,០ ៥,១ Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (៥ ខែមីនា ២០១២), Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits, http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.4898, បានយកមក March 28, 2012 
  6. ៦,០០ ៦,០១ ៦,០២ ៦,០៣ ៦,០៤ ៦,០៥ ៦,០៦ ៦,០៧ ៦,០៨ ៦,០៩ ៦,១០ "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-01-02.
  7. Ko, M. (1999). Elert, G. (ed.). "Density of the Sun". The Physics Factbook.
  8. "Principles of Spectroscopy". University of Michigan, Astronomy Department. 30 August 2007.
  9. Bonanno, A. (2008). "The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS". Astronomy and Astrophysics 390 (3): 1115–1118. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361:20020749.
  10. ១០,០ ១០,១ Seidelmann, P. K. (2000). "Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000". Retrieved 2006-03-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  11. "The Sun's Vital Statistics". Stanford Solar Center. Retrieved 2008-07-29., citing Eddy, J. (1979). A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab. NASA. p. 37. NASA SP-402. http://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm.