សង្គ្រាមណាប៉ូលេអូនិក៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា
ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានលុបចោល ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានសរសេរបន្ថែម
No edit summary ស្លាក: កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែសម្រួលតាមទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត |
No edit summary ស្លាក: កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែសម្រួលតាមទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត |
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បន្ទាត់ទី៤៦៖ | បន្ទាត់ទី៤៦៖ | ||
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1814|group=lower-greek}} |
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1814|group=lower-greek}} |
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| combatant2 = '''[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួន:]]'''<br />{{flagicon| |
| combatant2 = '''[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួន:]]'''<br />{{flagicon|}} [[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីមួយ|សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង]] (១៧៩២–១៨០៤)<br />{{flagicon|}} [[ ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]] (១៨០៤–១៨១៥)<br />{{collapsible list |
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|title = [[រដ្ឋចំណុះ|រដ្ឋចំណុះ]] បារាំង: |
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|title = French [[Client state|clients]]: |
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<small>|{{flagcountry ណាប៉ូឡេអូនីកអ៊ីតាលី}} |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[ |
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[ឌុកនៃក្រុងវ៉ាសល]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha>Napoleon established the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], ruled by the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] in 1807. [[ក្រុមទាហានប៉ូឡូញ (សម័យណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក)|ក្រុមទាហានប៉ូឡូញ]] had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.</ref> |
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|[[File:POL COA Ciołek.svg|20px]] [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha/> |
|[[File:POL COA Ciołek.svg|20px]] [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[ |
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[រាជាណាចក្រហូឡង់|ហូឡង់]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Holland]] in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the [[Hundred Days]] in 1815.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg}} [[ |
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg}} [[រាជាណាចក្រអេទ្រូរា|អេទ្រូរា]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Etruria]] in 1807.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[ |
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[បុរីក្សត្រនៃលូកានិងពុមប៊ីណូ|លូកា-ពុមប៊ីណូ]] |
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|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Naples|1811}}<ref group=lower-alpha>The [[Kingdom of Naples]], briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the [[Neapolitan War]] in 1815.</ref> |
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Naples|1811}}<ref group=lower-alpha>The [[Kingdom of Naples]], briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the [[Neapolitan War]] in 1815.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon|Swiss}} [[ |
|{{flagicon|Swiss}} [[សហរដ្ឋស្វីស (ណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក|ស្វីស]] |
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|[[ |
|[[សហព័ន្ធរ៉ែន]]{{refn|1808–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] in July 1806 following the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] (December 1805). Following the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]] (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the [[Battle of Leipzig]], causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>These four states{{which|date=June 2017}} were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Bandera de España 1808-1813.svg}} [[ |
|{{flagicon image|Bandera de España 1808-1813.svg}} [[រាជាណាចក្រអេស្ប៉ាញ (សម័យណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក)|អេស្ប៉ាញប៉ូណាបាតទីស]]<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/></small> |
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|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[ |
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[អេស្ប៉ាញនាសម័យយល់ដឹង|អេស្ប៉ាញ]]{{refn|1803–1808|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[ |
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[ដាណឺម៉ាក–ន័រវេស]]<ref name="ReferenceDN" group=lower-alpha>Denmark-Norway remained neutral until the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]. Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814. Following a brief [[Swedish-Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish campaign against Norway]], Norway entered a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with Sweden.</ref>{{refn|1807–1814|group=lower-greek}}}} |
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|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[ |
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស|អូទ្រីស]]<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha/><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>{{refn|1809–1813|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1806–1809|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha"/> |
|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1806–1809|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha"/> |
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|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[ |
|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[ចក្រភពរុស្ស៊ី]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn||name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/> |
|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn||name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[ |
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[រាជវង្សកាចា|ព្សែរ]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1810–1812|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha/> |
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1810–1812|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha/> |
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កំណែនៅ ម៉ោង០៥:៤៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២១ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩
សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក [(ភាសាអង់គ្លេស: the Napoleonic Wars) (១៨០៣-១៨១៥)]គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗបូកចូលគ្នាវដែលកើតឡើងរវាងចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តរបស់បារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ, ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ដែលហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានឆេះចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពីបដិវត្តបារាំងនិងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជម្លោះរបស់វាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី (១៨០៥), ទីបួន (១៨០៦-០៧), ទីប្រាំ (១៨០៩), ទីប្រាំមួយ (១៩១៣), និងទីប្រាំពីរ (១៨១៥)។
- ↑ John Sainsbury (1842). Sketch of the Napoleon Museum. London. p. 15. https://books.google.com/books?id=TwNmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15.
- ↑ Reich 1905, ទ. 622
- ↑ "Denmark". World Statesmen. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ↑ "Norway". World Statesmen. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedKeith Haynes 2012
- ↑ Schäfer, Anton (2002). Zeittafel der Rechtsgeschichte. Von den Anfängen über Rom bis 1919. Mit Schwerpunkt Österreich und zeitgenössischen Bezügen (in German) (3 ed.). Edition Europa Verlag. ISBN 3-9500616-8-1. p. 137
- ↑ Edward et al., pp. 522–524
- ↑ "De Grondwet van 1815". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 June 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830".
- ↑ Collier, Martin (2003). Italian unification, 1820–71. Heinemann Advanced History (First រ.រ.). Oxford: Heinemann. p. 2. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-435-32754-2. "The Risorgimento is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871"
- ↑ Riall, Lucy (1994). The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification (First រ.រ.). London: Routledge. p. 1. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-203-41234-6. "The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history"
- ↑ Jakob Walter, and Marc Raeff. The diary of a Napoleonic foot soldier. Princeton, N.J., 1996.
- ↑ Martyn Lyons p. 234–36
- ↑ Payne 1973, pp. 432–433.
- [[#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsdaile2008[[Category:អត្ថបទវិគីភីឌាត្រូវការអាគតដ្ឋានលេខទំព័រពីFebruary_2017]][[Category:អត្ថបទដែលមានបរាមាត្រកាលបរិច្ឆេទអសុពលភាពក្នុងទំព័រគំរូ]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000F-QINU`"'_(February_2017)">ទំព័រត្រូវការ</span>]]</i>]</sup>_16-0|↑]] Esdaile 2008, p. [ទំព័រត្រូវការ].
- ↑ James R. Arnold: Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna, ABC-Clio, 2003 [១]
- ↑ The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer) 1805 – 1809: The Hungarian Royal Army [២]
- ↑ Todd Fisher: The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812, Oshray Publishing, 2001 [៣]
- ↑ Riehn 1991, p. 50.
- ↑ Chandler & Beckett, p. 132
- ↑ Blücher, scourge of Napoleon, Leggiere
- ↑ John France (2011). Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power. Yale UP. p. 351. https://books.google.com/books?id=w8-CHCRbISkC&pg=PT351.
- ↑ Correspondance générale – Tome 12: La campagne de Russie, 1812 Par Fondation Napoléon – https://books.google.com/books/about/Correspondance_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Tome_12.html?id=toua1U8uORQC&redir_esc=y
- ↑ ២៥,០ ២៥,១ White 2014, Napoleonic Wars cites Urlanis 1971
- ↑ Canales 2004.
- ↑ White 2014 cites Payne
- ↑ ២៨,០ ២៨,១ White 2014 cites Dumas 1923 citing Hodge
- ↑ ២៩,០ ២៩,១ ២៩,២ White 2014 cites Danzer
- ↑ White 2014 cites Clodfelter
- ↑ White 2014 cites Bodart 1916
- ↑ ៣២,០ ៣២,១ ៣២,២ Philo 2010.
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