សង្គ្រាមណាប៉ូលេអូនិក៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា

ពីវិគីភីឌា
ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានលុបចោល ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានសរសេរបន្ថែម
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ស្លាក: កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែ​សម្រួល​តាម​ទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត
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ស្លាក: កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែ​សម្រួល​តាម​ទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត
បន្ទាត់ទី៤៦៖ បន្ទាត់ទី៤៦៖
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1814|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1814|group=lower-greek}}
}}
}}
| combatant2 = '''[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួន:]]'''<br />{{flagicon|First French Republic}} [[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីមួយ|សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង]] (១៧៩២–១៨០៤)<br />{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[ ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]] (១៨០៤–១៨១៥)<br />{{collapsible list
| combatant2 = '''[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួន:]]'''<br />{{flagicon|}} [[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីមួយ|សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង]] (១៧៩២–១៨០៤)<br />{{flagicon|}} [[ ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]] (១៨០៤–១៨១៥)<br />{{collapsible list
|bullets = yes
|bullets = yes
|title = [[រដ្ឋចំណុះ|រដ្ឋចំណុះ]] បារាំង:
|title = French [[Client state|clients]]:
<small>|{{flagcountry|Napoleonic Italy}}
<small>|{{flagcountry ណាប៉ូឡេអូនីកអ៊ីតាលី}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[Duchy of Warsaw]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha>Napoleon established the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], ruled by the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] in 1807. [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]] had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[ឌុកនៃក្រុងវ៉ាសល]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha>Napoleon established the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], ruled by the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] in 1807. [[ក្រុមទាហានប៉ូឡូញ (សម័យណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក)|ក្រុមទាហានប៉ូឡូញ]] had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.</ref>
|[[File:POL COA Ciołek.svg|20px]] [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha/>
|[[File:POL COA Ciołek.svg|20px]] [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Kingdom of Holland|Holland]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Holland]] in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the [[Hundred Days]] in 1815.</ref>
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[រាជាណាចក្រហូឡង់|ហូឡង់]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Holland]] in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the [[Hundred Days]] in 1815.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg}} [[Kingdom of Etruria|Etruria]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Etruria]] in 1807.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg}} [[រាជាណាចក្រអេទ្រូរា|អេទ្រូរា]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Etruria]] in 1807.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[Principality of Lucca and Piombino|Lucca-Piombino]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[បុរីក្សត្រនៃលូកានិងពុមប៊ីណូ|លូកា-ពុមប៊ីណូ]]
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Naples|1811}}<ref group=lower-alpha>The [[Kingdom of Naples]], briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the [[Neapolitan War]] in 1815.</ref>
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Naples|1811}}<ref group=lower-alpha>The [[Kingdom of Naples]], briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the [[Neapolitan War]] in 1815.</ref>
|{{flagicon|Swiss}} [[Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic)|Switzerland]]
|{{flagicon|Swiss}} [[សហរដ្ឋស្វីស (ណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក|ស្វីស]]
|[[Confederation of the Rhine]]{{refn|1808–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] in July 1806 following the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] (December 1805). Following the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]] (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the [[Battle of Leipzig]], causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>These four states{{which|date=June 2017}} were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.</ref>
|[[សហព័ន្ធរ៉ែន]]{{refn|1808–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] in July 1806 following the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] (December 1805). Following the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]] (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the [[Battle of Leipzig]], causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>These four states{{which|date=June 2017}} were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Bandera de España 1808-1813.svg}} [[Kingdom of Spain (Napoleonic)|Bonapartist Spain]]<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/></small>
|{{flagicon image|Bandera de España 1808-1813.svg}} [[រាជាណាចក្រអេស្ប៉ាញ (សម័យណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក)|អេស្ប៉ាញប៉ូណាបាតទីស]]<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/></small>
}}
}}
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{{Unbulleted list
{{Unbulleted list
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Enlightenment Spain|Spain]]{{refn|1803–1808|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[អេស្ប៉ាញនាសម័យយល់ដឹង|អេស្ប៉ាញ]]{{refn|1803–1808|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark–Norway]]<ref name="ReferenceDN" group=lower-alpha>Denmark-Norway remained neutral until the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]. Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814. Following a brief [[Swedish-Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish campaign against Norway]], Norway entered a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with Sweden.</ref>{{refn|1807–1814|group=lower-greek}}}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[ដាណឺម៉ាក–ន័រវេស]]<ref name="ReferenceDN" group=lower-alpha>Denmark-Norway remained neutral until the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]. Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814. Following a brief [[Swedish-Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish campaign against Norway]], Norway entered a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with Sweden.</ref>{{refn|1807–1814|group=lower-greek}}}}
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha/><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>{{refn|1809–1813|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស|អូទ្រីស]]<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha/><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>{{refn|1809–1813|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1806–1809|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha"/>
|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1806–1809|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha"/>
|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha/>
|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[ចក្រភពរុស្ស៊ី]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn||name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn||name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[រាជវង្សកាចា|ព្សែរ]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1810–1812|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1810–1812|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha/>
----
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កំណែនៅ ម៉ោង០៥:៤៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២១ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩

សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក [(ភាសាអង់គ្លេស: the Napoleonic Wars) (១៨០៣-១៨១៥)]គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗបូកចូលគ្នាវដែលកើតឡើងរវាងចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តរបស់បារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ, ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ដែលហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានឆេះចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពីបដិវត្តបារាំងនិងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជម្លោះរបស់វាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី (១៨០៥), ទីបួន (១៨០៦-០៧), ទីប្រាំ (១៨០៩), ទីប្រាំមួយ (១៩១៣), និងទីប្រាំពីរ (១៨១៥)។


Napoleonic Wars
AusterlitzWaterloo
រូបខាងលើ: សមរភូមិអ័រស្ទឺលីត
រូបខាងក្រោម: សមរភូមិវ៉ាតធឺលូ
កាលបរិច្ឆេទ ១៨ ខែឧសភា ១៨០៣ – ២០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ១៨១៥ (១៨០៣-០៥-១៨ – ១៨១៥-១១-២០)
(12 ឆ្នាំ, 5 ខែ និង 3 សប្ដាហ៍)
ទីតាំង អឺរ៉ុប, មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក, សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ានេ, សមុទ្រខាងជើង, រីអូ ដេ ឡា ផ្លាតា, ហ្គីអាណាបារាំង, ឥណ្ឌីខាងលិច, មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា, អាមេរិកខាងជើង, ខរកាសិស
លទ្ធផល Coalition victory
Congress of Vienna
ភាគីសង្គ្រាម
ចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួន:
សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង (១៧៩២–១៨០៤)
ចក្រភពបារាំង (១៨០៤–១៨១៥)

មេបញ្ជាការ និង មេដឹកនាំ
កម្លាំង
  • 900,000 Russian regulars, cossacks and militia at peak strength[២០]
  • 750,000 British under arms in total
  • 250,000 British regulars and militia at peak strength[២១]
  • 320,000 Prussian regulars and militia at peak strength[២២]
  • Unknown numbers of Austrians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swedish and other coalition members
  • 3,000,000 French under arms in total
  • 1,200,000 French regulars and militia at peak strength[២៣]
  • 680,000 French and allied regulars at peak strength[២៤]
សហេតុភាព និង ការខាងបង់
  • Italians: 120,000 killed or missing[២៥]
  • Spanish: more than 300,000 military deaths[២៥] — more than 586,000 killed[២៦]
  • Portuguese: up to 250,000 dead or missing[២៧]
  • British: 32,232 killed in action[២៨]
  • British: 279,574 killed by wounds, disease, accidents and other causes[២៨]
  • Russian: 289,000 killed in action[២៩]
  • Prussian: 134,000 killed in action[២៩]
  • Austrian: 550,220 killed in action (1792–1815)[៣០][២៩]
  • 371,000 killed in action[៣១]
  • 800,000 killed by disease, wounds, accidents and other causes[៣២]
  • 600,000 civilians killed[៣២]
  • 65,000 French allies killed[៣២]
Total 3,707,000+ military and civilians killed
  1. 1805, 1809, 1813–1815
  2. 1804–1807, 1812–1815
  3. 1806–1807, 1813–1815
  4. 1808–1815
  5. 1800–1807, 1809–1815
  6. 1804–1809, 1812–1815
  7. ៧,០ ៧,១ ៧,២ ៧,៣ 1807–1812
  8. 1806–1815
  9. 1809
  10. 1813–1815
  11. ១១,០ ១១,១ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 13-15
  12. ១២,០ ១២,១ ១២,២ ១២,៣ ១២,៤ 1815
  13. 1806–1807, 1813–1814
  14. 1808–1813
  15. 1803–1808
  16. 1807–1814
  17. 1809–1813
  18. 1806–1809
  19. 1804–1807, 1812–1813
  20. 1810–1812
  21. In the War of 1812 (1812–1815)
  22. ២២,០ ២២,១ until the eve of the Battle of Leipzig, 1813
  23. until 1813
  1. John Sainsbury (1842). Sketch of the Napoleon Museum. London. p. 15. https://books.google.com/books?id=TwNmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15. 
  2. Reich 1905, ទ. 622
  3. "Denmark". World Statesmen. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  4. "Norway". World Statesmen. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Keith Haynes 2012
  6. Schäfer, Anton (2002). Zeittafel der Rechtsgeschichte. Von den Anfängen über Rom bis 1919. Mit Schwerpunkt Österreich und zeitgenössischen Bezügen (in German) (3 ed.). Edition Europa Verlag. ISBN 3-9500616-8-1. p. 137
  7. Edward et al., pp. 522–524
  8. "De Grondwet van 1815". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 June 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. "The Royal Navy". Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  10. "The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830".
  11. Collier, Martin (2003). Italian unification, 1820–71. Heinemann Advanced History (First រ.រ.). Oxford: Heinemann. p. 2. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-435-32754-2. "The Risorgimento is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871" 
  12. Riall, Lucy (1994). The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification (First រ.រ.). London: Routledge. p. 1. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-203-41234-6. "The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history" 
  13. Jakob Walter, and Marc Raeff. The diary of a Napoleonic foot soldier. Princeton, N.J., 1996.
  14. Martyn Lyons p. 234–36
  15. Payne 1973, pp. 432–433.
  16. [[#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsdaile2008[[Category:អត្ថបទវិគីភីឌាត្រូវការអាគតដ្ឋានលេខទំព័រពីFebruary_2017]][[Category:អត្ថបទដែលមានបរាមាត្រកាលបរិច្ឆេទអសុពលភាពក្នុងទំព័រគំរូ]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000F-QINU`"'_(February_2017)">ទំព័រត្រូវការ</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_16-0|↑]] Esdaile 2008, p. [ទំព័រត្រូវការ].
  17. James R. Arnold: Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna, ABC-Clio, 2003 [១]
  18. The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer) 1805 – 1809: The Hungarian Royal Army [២]
  19. Todd Fisher: The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812, Oshray Publishing, 2001 [៣]
  20. Riehn 1991, p. 50.
  21. Chandler & Beckett, p. 132
  22. Blücher, scourge of Napoleon, Leggiere
  23. John France (2011). Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power. Yale UP. p. 351. https://books.google.com/books?id=w8-CHCRbISkC&pg=PT351. 
  24. Correspondance générale – Tome 12: La campagne de Russie, 1812 Par Fondation Napoléon – https://books.google.com/books/about/Correspondance_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Tome_12.html?id=toua1U8uORQC&redir_esc=y
  25. ២៥,០ ២៥,១ White 2014, Napoleonic Wars cites Urlanis 1971
  26. Canales 2004.
  27. White 2014 cites Payne
  28. ២៨,០ ២៨,១ White 2014 cites Dumas 1923 citing Hodge
  29. ២៩,០ ២៩,១ ២៩,២ White 2014 cites Danzer
  30. White 2014 cites Clodfelter
  31. White 2014 cites Bodart 1916
  32. ៣២,០ ៣២,១ ៣២,២ Philo 2010.


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