សង្គ្រាមណាប៉ូលេអូនិក៖ ភាពខុសគ្នារវាងកំណែនានា
ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានលុបចោល ខ្លឹមសារដែលបានសរសេរបន្ថែម
No edit summary ស្លាក: កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែសម្រួលតាមទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត |
Removed Info box since a lots are incorrect, create new one soon ស្លាក: ជំនួស កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែសម្រួលតាមទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត |
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| បន្ទាត់ទី១៖ | បន្ទាត់ទី១៖ | ||
'''សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក''' [([[ភាសាអង់គ្លេស]]: the '''Napoleonic Wars''') (១៨០៣-១៨១៥)]គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗបូកចូលគ្នាវដែលកើតឡើងរវាង[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]]និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តរបស់បារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយ[[ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍|ណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ]], ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ដែលហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយ[[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]]។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានឆេះចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពី[[បដិវត្តបារាំង]]និងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជម្លោះរបស់វាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី|សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី]] (១៨០៥), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបួន|ទីបួន]] (១៨០៦-០៧), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំ|ទីប្រាំ]] (១៨០៩), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំមួយ|ទីប្រាំមួយ]] (១៩១៣), និង[[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំពីរ|ទីប្រាំពីរ]] (១៨១៥)។ |
'''សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក''' [([[ភាសាអង់គ្លេស]]: the '''Napoleonic Wars''') (១៨០៣-១៨១៥)]គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗបូកចូលគ្នាវដែលកើតឡើងរវាង[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]]និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តរបស់បារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយ[[ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍|ណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ]], ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ដែលហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយ[[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]]។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានឆេះចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពី[[បដិវត្តបារាំង]]និងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជម្លោះរបស់វាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី|សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី]] (១៨០៥), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបួន|ទីបួន]] (១៨០៦-០៧), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំ|ទីប្រាំ]] (១៨០៩), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំមួយ|ទីប្រាំមួយ]] (១៩១៣), និង[[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំពីរ|ទីប្រាំពីរ]] (១៨១៥)។ |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Napoleonic Wars<br /> |
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| image = [[File:Austerlitz-baron-Pascal.jpg|300px|border|Austerlitz]][[File:Battle of Waterloo 1815.PNG|300px|border|Waterloo]] |
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| caption = '''រូបខាងលើ''': [[សមរភូមិអ័រស្ទឺលីត]]<br/>'''រូបខាងក្រោម''': [[សមរភូមិវ៉ាតធឺលូ]] |
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| date = {{start and end dates|1803|5|18|1815|11|20|df=yes}}<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=18|year1=1803|month2=11|day2=15|year2=1815}}) |
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| place = [[អឺរ៉ុប]], [[មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក]], [[សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ានេ]], [[សមុទ្រខាងជើង]], [[រីអូ ដេ ឡា ផ្លាតា]], [[ហ្គីអាណាបារាំង]], [[ឥណ្ឌីខាងលិច]], [[មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា]], [[អាមេរិកខាងជើង]], [[ខរកាសិស]] |
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| result = Coalition victory<br/>[[Congress of Vienna]]<small>{{Collapsible list|title='''Full results'''|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;| |
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*ការធ្វើនិរទេសបញ្ជូន [[ណាប៉ូឡេអុងទីមួយ]] ទៅ [[កោះសេន-ហេលីណា]]<ref>{{cite book|author=John Sainsbury|title=Sketch of the Napoleon Museum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwNmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1842|location=London|page=15}}</ref> |
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*ការដួលរលំនៃ [[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ]] |
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*[[ផ្លាស់មករាជវង្សប័របនវិញ|រាជវង្សប័របនឡើងកាន់អំណាចជាក្សត្រនៃបារាំងវិញ]] |
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*ការរំលាយ [[ចក្រភពហូលីរ៉ូម៉ាំង]]<ref name="Reich1905">{{harvnb|Reich|1905|p=622}}</ref> និង [[សន្ធិសញ្ញាឃៀល|ដាណឺម៉ាក-ន័រវេស]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Denmark.html|title=Denmark|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=18 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Norway.htm|title=Norway|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=18 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*ការចុះខ្សោយនៃ [[សង្គ្រាមអេស្ប៉ាញនិងអាមេរិកដើម្បីឯករាជ្យ|ចក្រភពអេស្ប៉ាញ]] និង [[ចក្រភពព័រទុយហ្កាល់|ព័រទុយហ្កាល់]] <ref name="Keith Haynes 2012"/> |
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* ការបង្កើតនូវ [[ចក្រភពរួមរវាងស៊ុយអែតនិងន័រវេស]],<ref>Schäfer, Anton (2002). Zeittafel der Rechtsgeschichte. Von den Anfängen über Rom bis 1919. Mit Schwerpunkt Österreich und zeitgenössischen Bezügen (in German) (3 ed.). Edition Europa Verlag. {{ISBN|3-9500616-8-1}}. p. 137</ref> និង [[ចក្រភពរួមនៃហូឡង់]]<ref>Edward ''et al.'', pp. 522–524</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parlement.com/id/vhnnmt7m42jk/de_grondwet_van_1815 |title=De Grondwet van 1815 |website=Parlement & Politiek |accessdate=26 June 2014 |language=Dutch}}</ref> |
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*បានធ្វើឲសេដ្ឋកិច្ច [[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]] រីកចម្រើនខ្លាំងហើយក្លាយទៅជា [[Pax Britannica|មហាអំណាចពិភពលោក]]<ref name="The Royal Navy">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/511494/The-Royal-Navy|title=The Royal Navy|work=Britannica Online|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=15 February 2016}}</ref> |
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*បានធ្វើឲ [[រាជាណាចក្រព្រុស្សី|នគរព្រុស្សី]] ក្លាយទៅជាប្រទេសមហាអំណាចលិចធ្លោនៅអឺរ៉ុប<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEDKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA255|title=The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830|publisher=}}</ref> |
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*នាំឲមាន [[ការបង្រួបបង្រួមរដ្ឋអ៊ីតាលី]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Collier|first=Martin|title=Italian unification, 1820–71|year=2003|publisher=Heinemann|location=Oxford|isbn=0-435-32754-2|edition=First|page=2|series=Heinemann Advanced History|quote=The ''Risorgimento'' is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Riall|first=Lucy|title=The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification|year=1994|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-203-41234-6|edition=First|page=1|quote=The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history}}</ref> និងព្រមទាំង [[ការបង្រួបបង្រួមជាតិអាល្លឺម៉ង់]]<ref>Jakob Walter, and Marc Raeff. ''The diary of a Napoleonic foot soldier''. Princeton, N.J., 1996.</ref> |
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*ការកើនឡើងនៃ [[លទ្ធិនិយម]] និង [[សេរីនិយម]] នៅ [[អឺរ៉ុប]]<ref>Martyn Lyons p. 234–36</ref>{{sfn|Payne|1973|pp=432–433}} |
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*កំណើនប្រជាជនបានធ្លាក់ចុះច្រើន{{sfn|Esdaile|2008|p={{page needed|date=February 2017}}}} }} |
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| combatant1 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|'''[[Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars|Coalition powers:]]''' |
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|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] |
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|{{flagicon|Hanover|1692}} [[Electorate of Hanover|Hanover]]<ref group=lower-alpha>Hanover was in a [[Personal Union]] with Great Britain</ref> |
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|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]{{refn|1805, 1809, 1813–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha>The term "Austrian Empire" came into use after Napoleon crowned himself [[Emperor of the French]] in 1804, whereby [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]] took the title [[Emperor of Austria]] (''{{lang|de|Kaiser von Österreich}}'') in response. The [[Holy Roman Empire]] was dissolved in 1806, and consequently "Emperor of Austria" became Francis' primary title. For this reason, "Austrian Empire" is often used instead of "Holy Roman Empire" for brevity's sake when speaking of the Napoleonic Wars, even though the two entities are not synonymous.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha>Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the [[French Invasion of Russia]] in 1812.</ref> |
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|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha>Russia became an ally of France following the [[Treaty of Tilsit]] in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against [[Finnish War|Sweden]] (1808–1809) and the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)|Ottoman Empire]] (1806–1812), and nominally against [[Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)|Britain]] (1807–1812).</ref> |
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|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1815|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Enlightenment Spain|Spain]]{{refn|1808–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha>Spain was an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then fought France in the [[Peninsular War]].</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag Portugal (1750).svg}} [[Portuguese Empire]]{{refn|1800–1807, 1809–1815|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1804–1809, 1812–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha>Nominally, Sweden declared [[Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)|war against Great Britain]] after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808–1809).</ref> |
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|{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Émigré armies of the French Revolutionary Wars|French Royalists]] |
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|{{flagicon|Papal States|old}} [[Papal States]] |
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|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1807–1812|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha">The Ottoman Empire fought against Napoleon in the [[French Campaign in Egypt and Syria]] as part of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. During the Napoleonic era of 1803 to 1815, the Empire participated in two wars against the Allies: against Britain in the [[Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)]] and against Russia in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)]]. Russia was allied with Napoleon 1807–1810.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha>Qajar dynasty fought against Russia from 1804 to 1813; the Russians were allied with Napoleon 1807–1812.</ref> |
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|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Sicily}}{{refn|1806–1815|group=lower-greek}}{{refn|Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until Naples became a French client-republic following the [[Battle of Campo Tenese]] in 1806.|group=lower-alpha}} |
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|[[File:Blason louis II de Hongrie.svg|19px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Hungary]]{{refn|1809|group=lower-greek}}{{refn|The [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]] participated in the war with separate Hungarian regiments<ref>James R. Arnold: ''Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna'', ABC-Clio, 2003 [https://books.google.com/books?id=63xTTaYTbrwC&pg=PA36]</ref><ref>The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (''{{lang|de|Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer}}'') 1805 – 1809: |
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The Hungarian Royal Army [http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Austria/ArmyStudy/c_AustrianArmyHungary.html]</ref> in the Imperial and Royal Army, and also by a traditional army ("insurrectio").<ref>Todd Fisher: ''The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812'', Oshray Publishing, 2001 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fpNMC02Im0YC&pg=PA7]</ref> The Hungarian Diet voted to join in war and agreed to pay one third of the war expenses.|group=lower-alpha}} |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg}} [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]{{refn|1813–1815|name="13–15"|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagicon image|Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg}} [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]<ref name="13-15" group=lower-greek/> |
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|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Saxony}} [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]]<ref name="13-15" group=lower-greek/> |
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|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sardinia}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]]{{refn|1815|name="year1815"|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagicon|United Netherlands}} [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|United Netherlands]]<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/> |
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|{{flagcountry|Brunswick}}<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/> |
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|{{flagicon image|State flag simple of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Tuscany]]<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the House of Nassau Weilburg.svg}} [[Nassau (state)|Nassau]]<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1814|group=lower-greek}} |
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}} |
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| combatant2 = '''[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួន:]]'''<br />{{flagicon|}} [[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីមួយ|សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង]] (១៧៩២–១៨០៤)<br />{{flagicon|}} [[ ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]] (១៨០៤–១៨១៥)<br />{{collapsible list |
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|bullets = yes |
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|title = [[រដ្ឋចំណុះ|រដ្ឋចំណុះ]] បារាំង: |
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<small>|{{flagcountry ណាប៉ូឡេអូនីកអ៊ីតាលី}} |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[ឌុកនៃក្រុងវ៉ាសល]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha>Napoleon established the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], ruled by the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] in 1807. [[ក្រុមទាហានប៉ូឡូញ (សម័យណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក)|ក្រុមទាហានប៉ូឡូញ]] had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.</ref> |
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|[[File:POL COA Ciołek.svg|20px]] [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[រាជាណាចក្រហូឡង់|ហូឡង់]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Holland]] in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the [[Hundred Days]] in 1815.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg}} [[រាជាណាចក្រអេទ្រូរា|អេទ្រូរា]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Etruria]] in 1807.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[បុរីក្សត្រនៃលូកានិងពុមប៊ីណូ|លូកា-ពុមប៊ីណូ]] |
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|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Naples|1811}}<ref group=lower-alpha>The [[Kingdom of Naples]], briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the [[Neapolitan War]] in 1815.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon|Swiss}} [[សហរដ្ឋស្វីស (ណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក|ស្វីស]] |
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|[[សហព័ន្ធរ៉ែន]]{{refn|1808–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] in July 1806 following the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] (December 1805). Following the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]] (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the [[Battle of Leipzig]], causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>These four states{{which|date=June 2017}} were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.</ref> |
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|{{flagicon image|Bandera de España 1808-1813.svg}} [[រាជាណាចក្រអេស្ប៉ាញ (សម័យណាប៉ូឡេអូនីក)|អេស្ប៉ាញប៉ូណាបាតទីស]]<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/></small> |
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}} |
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---- |
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{{Unbulleted list |
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|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[អេស្ប៉ាញនាសម័យយល់ដឹង|អេស្ប៉ាញ]]{{refn|1803–1808|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[ដាណឺម៉ាក–ន័រវេស]]<ref name="ReferenceDN" group=lower-alpha>Denmark-Norway remained neutral until the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]. Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814. Following a brief [[Swedish-Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish campaign against Norway]], Norway entered a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with Sweden.</ref>{{refn|1807–1814|group=lower-greek}}}} |
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|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស|អូទ្រីស]]<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha/><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>{{refn|1809–1813|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1806–1809|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha"/> |
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|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[ចក្រភពរុស្ស៊ី]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn||name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[រាជវង្សកាចា|ព្សែរ]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha/> |
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|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1810–1812|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha/> |
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---- |
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{{flag|United States|1795}}{{refn|In the [[War of 1812]] (1812–1815)|group=lower-greek}} |
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}} |
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| commander1 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[ហ្ស៊កទីបីនៃចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស|ហ្ស៊កទីបី]] |
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|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[ហ្ស៊កទីបួននៃចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស|ព្រះអង្គហ្ស៊ក]] |
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|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់ហ្វ្រេឌ្រិច, ឌុកនៃយ៉កនិងអាល់បានី|ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់ហ្រ្វេឌ្រិច]] |
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|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[វីលៀមទីបួននៃចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស|ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់វីលៀម]] |
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|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] |
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|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles]] |
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|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Archduke John of Austria|Archduke John]] |
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|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] |
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|{{flagicon|Prussia|1803}} [[Frederick William III of Prussia|Frederick William III]] |
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|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]] |
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|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag Portugal (1750).svg}} [[Maria I of Portugal|Maria I]] |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag Portugal (1750).svg}} [[John VI of Portugal|Prince Regent John]] |
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|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Selim III]] |
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|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mustafa IV]] |
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|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mahmud II]] |
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|{{flagicon|United Netherlands}} [[William I of the Netherlands|Prince of Orange]] |
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|{{Flagicon|United Netherlands}} [[William II of the Netherlands|William II]] |
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|{{flagicon|Two Sicilies}} [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]] |
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|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV]] |
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|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Charles XIV of Sweden|Prince Charles John]] |
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|{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] |
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}} |
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| commander2 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]{{Surrendered}} |
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|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Joseph Bonaparte]] |
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|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Louis Bonaparte]] |
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|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Jérôme Bonaparte]] |
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|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Eugène de Beauharnais|Prince Eugène]] |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[Józef Poniatowski|Prince Poniatowski]]{{KIA}} |
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|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg}} [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian I]]{{refn|name="untilLeipzig"|until the eve of the [[Battle of Leipzig]], 1813|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Saxony}} [[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick I]]{{refn|name="untilLeipzig"|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagicon image|Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg}} [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick I]]{{refn|until 1813|group=lower-greek}} |
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|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]] |
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}} |
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| strength1 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|<small>900,000 Russian regulars, cossacks and militia at peak strength{{sfn|Riehn|1991|p=50}} |
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|750,000 British under arms in total |
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|250,000 British regulars and militia at peak strength<ref name="Oxford132">Chandler & Beckett, p. 132</ref> |
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|320,000 Prussian regulars and militia at peak strength<ref name="ReferenceA">''Blücher, scourge of Napoleon'', Leggiere</ref> |
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|Unknown numbers of Austrians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swedish and other coalition members</small> |
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}} |
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| strength2 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|<small>3,000,000 French under arms in total |
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|1,200,000 French regulars and militia at peak strength<ref name="John France 2011 351">{{cite book|author=John France|title=Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8-CHCRbISkC&pg=PT351|year=2011|publisher=Yale UP|page=351}}</ref> |
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|680,000 French and allied regulars at peak strength<ref>Correspondance générale – Tome 12: La campagne de Russie, 1812 Par Fondation Napoléon – https://books.google.com/books/about/Correspondance_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Tome_12.html?id=toua1U8uORQC&redir_esc=y</ref></small> |
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}} |
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| casualties1 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|<small>Italians: 120,000 killed or missing<ref name="White 2014, Urlanis">{{harvnb|White|2014|loc=''Napoleonic Wars''}} cites {{harvnb|Urlanis|1971}}</ref> |
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|Spanish: more than 300,000 military deaths<ref name="White 2014, Urlanis"/> — more than 586,000 killed{{sfn|Canales|2004}} |
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|Portuguese: up to 250,000 dead or missing<ref>{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Payne}}</ref> |
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|British: 32,232 killed in action<!--6,663 navy + 25,569 army--><ref name="White 2014, Dumas">{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Dumas|1923}} citing Hodge</ref> |
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|British: 279,574 killed by wounds, disease, accidents and other causes<ref name="White 2014, Dumas"/> |
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|Russian: 289,000 killed in action<ref name="White 2014, Danzer">{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Danzer}}</ref> |
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|Prussian: 134,000 killed in action<ref name="White 2014, Danzer"/> |
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|Austrian: 550,220 killed in action (1792–1815)<ref>{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Clodfelter}}</ref><ref name="White 2014, Danzer"/></small> |
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}} |
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| casualties2 = {{Unbulleted list |
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|<small>371,000 killed in action<ref>{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Bodart|1916}}</ref> |
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|800,000 killed by disease, wounds, accidents and other causes{{sfn|Philo|2010}} |
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|600,000 civilians killed{{sfn|Philo|2010}} |
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|65,000 French allies killed</small>{{sfn|Philo|2010}} |
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}} |
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{{hidden end}} |
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| notes = <center>Total 3,707,000+ military and civilians killed</center> {{reflist|group=lower-greek|2}} |
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}} |
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<references /> |
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កំណែនៅ ម៉ោង០៩:២៩ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៣ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩
សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក [(ភាសាអង់គ្លេស: the Napoleonic Wars) (១៨០៣-១៨១៥)]គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗបូកចូលគ្នាវដែលកើតឡើងរវាងចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តរបស់បារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ, ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ដែលហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានឆេះចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពីបដិវត្តបារាំងនិងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជម្លោះរបស់វាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី (១៨០៥), ទីបួន (១៨០៦-០៧), ទីប្រាំ (១៨០៩), ទីប្រាំមួយ (១៩១៣), និងទីប្រាំពីរ (១៨១៥)។