សង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិលអាមេរិក

សង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិលអាមេរិក
Clockwise from top left: Battle of Stones River; Confederate prisoners of war; Battle of Fort Hindman.
កាលបរិច្ឆេទ April 12, 1861 – May 10, 1865 (by declaration) (4 ឆ្នាំ, 3 សប្ដាហ៍ និង 6 ថ្ងៃ) (last shot fired June 22, 1865) ទីតាំង Southern United States, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean លទ្ធផល Union victory Slavery abolished Territorial integrity preserved Lincoln assassinated five days after Lee's surrender Dissolution of the Confederacy Beginning of the Reconstruction Era
ភាគីសង្គ្រាម
សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក	Confederate States
មេបញ្ជាការ និង មេដឹកនាំ
Abraham Lincoln Edwin M. Stanton Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman David Farragut David D. Porter and others	Jefferson Davis Judah P. Benjamin Robert E. Lee Joseph E. Johnston Raphael Semmes Josiah Tattnall and others
កម្លាំង
2,100,000	1,064,000
សហេតុភាព និង ការខាងបង់
110,000 Army killed in action/dead of wounds 25,000 Army dead in Confederate prisons 2,260 Navy/Marines killed ~ 365,000 total dead 275,200 wounded	75,000 killed in action/dead of wounds (incomplete data) 26,000–31,000 Army dead in Union prisons ~260,000 total dead 137,000+ wounded

សង្រា្គមស៊ីវិលអាមេរិក ត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថាជាសង្រ្គាមរវាងរដ្ឋនិងរដ្ឋ ឫក៏គ្រាន់តែជាសង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិលនៅក្នុងសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ដែលនៅក្នុងកំឡុងឆ្នាំ (១៨១៦ទៅ១៨៦៥)ចាប់តាំងពីរដ្ឋខាងត្បូងបានប្រកាសផ្ដាច់ខ្លួនចេញពីគ្នាគឺ អាមេរិក ខន់ហ្វីដឺរាស៊ី និង អាមេរិកខាងជើង ដែលក្នុងនោះមានរដ្ឋចំនួន១១ ។សង្គ្រាមនេះប្រភពដើមមកពីរបញ្ហាទាំសភាព និងបញ្ហាឈ្លានពានទឹកដីនៅភាគខាងលិច។ មហាអំណាចបរទេសមិនព្រមជួយធ្វើអន្តរាគម៍។ ក្រោយពីសង្រ្គាមអស់រយៈ៤ឆ្នាំបានធ្វើឲ្យទាហានជាង ៦០០០០០នាក់ស្លាប់ និងបានបំផ្លាញហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័នជាច្រើន និងបានបំផ្លាញពួកខន់ហ្វីដឺរាស៊ីនៅភាគខាងត្បូងជាច្រើន ហើយវាពិតជាពិកបាកខ្លាំងណាស់ក្នុងការកសាងឡើងវិញ និងឯកភាពជាតិបានធានាសិទ្ធពីស៊ីវិលឲ្យដោះលែងទាសករមកវិញ។

នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៨៦០ ពួកសារធារណៈរដ្ឋនិយមបានធ្វើការបោះឆ្នោតដែលមានមេដឹកនាំដោយប្រធានាធិបតី អប្រាហាំលីនខុន ជំទាស់និងការពង្រីកនៃទាសភាពចូលទឹកដីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក លីនខុនបានឈ្នះការបោះឆ្នោត ប៉ុន្តែមុនពេលគាត់សម្ភោធនៅខែ មិនា ៤ ១៨១៦ រដ្ឋតូចៗចំនួន ៧ រួមជាមួយនិងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចកប្បាសដែលត្រូវបង្កើតឡើងដោយពួកខន់ហ្វីដឺរាស៊ី។ប្រាំមួយថ្ងៃដំបូងការធ្វើរបបគមន៏នៃទាសករមានសមាត្រខ្ពស់បំផុតចំនួន ៤៨,៨%ប្រជាជនរបស់ពូកគេសម្រាប់ប្រាំមួយថ្ងៃនេះ។

លោកប្រធានាធិបតី ចាម៉ាស បូចានាន់ និងសារណៈរដ្ឋបានផ្តាច់ខ្លួនចេញ នេះជាការខុសច្បាប់។តាមរយៈការអះអាងរបស់លោក លីនខុនជាប្រមុខរដ្ឋបាននិយាយថាគាត់មិនបានផ្តួចផ្តើមនៃសង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិលនេះទេ ហើយពួកខន់ហ្វីដឺរាស៊ីបានអះអាងបន្ថែមទៀតថាកងកម្លាំងសហព័ន្ធ ហ្វូត បានរឹបអូសទឹកដីសហព័្នន្ធជាច្រើន។សន្និសិទ្ធសន្តិភាពមួយត្រូវបានបរាជ័យក្នុងគោលបំណងសម្របសម្រួលរវាងភាគីទាំងសងខាង ដូចជាការរៀបចំឡើងនូវសង្រ្គាមទាំងពីរ។ សហព័ន្ធនេះបានសន្មត់ថាបណ្តាប្រទេសនៅអឺរ៉ុបបានសង្ឃឹមទៅលើស្តេច ឃីង ចុតទុន ដែលពួកគេនិងធ្វើអន្តរាគមន៏, គ្មាននណាម្នាក់ហើយក៏គ្មានម្នាក់ព្រមទទួលស្គាល់សហព័ន្ធអាមេរិកថ្មីរបស់អាមេរិកទេ។

អាទិភាពបានចាប់ផ្តើមនៅខែ មេសា ១២១៨៦១ ខណៈពេលដែលកងកម្លាំងសហភាពមកលើ ហ្វរ ស៊មធើ ដែលជាបន្ទាយដ៏ធំមួយដោយធ្វើឡើងដោយកងទ័ពសហភាពនៅក្នុងរដ្ឋ ការ៉ូលីណា ខាងជើង។ ពេលនេះ លីនខុនបានអំពាចនាវឲ្យកងព័ទពង្រឹងឡើងវិញនូវ ហ្វត់នេះ។ ដូចនេះរដ្ឋតូចៗទាំងបួន រួមទាំង ខន់ហ្វីដឺរាស៊ី សរុបជាង១១រដ្ឋ។ហើយថ្មីៗនេះសហភាពរដ្ឋគ្រប់គ្រងព្រំដែននិងជាការបង្កើតឲ្យមានភាពរាំងស្ទះផ្នែកសេដ្ឋកិច្ចជើងទឹកខាងត្បូង។ ដោយសារតែមានពត៍មានមិនច្បាស់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៨៦១ ១៨៦១ ថាកាលរដូវស្លឹកឈើជ្រុះឆ្នាំ១៨៦២ យុទ្ធនាកាសហភាពរបស់រដ្ឋ ម៉ារី ឡែន(រដ្ឋសហភាព)បានបញ្ចប់ជាមួយនិងការចាកចេញសហព័ន្ធនៅសមរភូមិ អឺតិតាម ទប់ស្កាត់ការអន្តរាគម៍នៃជនជាតិអង់គ្លេស។

លីនខន់បានចេញសេចក្តីប្រកាសថានឹងរំដោះខ្លួនចេញ បន្ទាប់ពីរការបញ្ឈប់គោលដៅនៃសង្រ្គាមទាសភាព។

See also

General reference

• Battles of the American Civil War
• Bibliography of the American Civil War
• Corps badges of the American Civil War
• Naval bibliography of the American Civil War
• Uniforms of the Union
• Uniforms of the Confederacy
• Weapons in the American Civil War

Union

• United States
• Union Army
• Union Navy

Confederacy

• Confederate States
• Confederate Army
• Confederate Navy

Ethnic articles

• African Americans in the American Civil War
• German Americans in the American Civil War
• Hispanic Americans in the American Civil War
• Irish Americans in the American Civil War
• Italian Americans in the American Civil War
• Native Americans in the American Civil War

Topical articles

• Blockade runners of the American Civil War
• Blockade, Union – of the American Civil War
• Casualties in the American Civil War
• Commemoration of the American Civil War
• Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
• Nursing in the American Civil War, Dorothea Dix
• Ships captured during the American Civil War
• Slaves and the American Civil War
• Spies in the American Civil War

National articles

• Foreign enlistment in the American Civil War
• Britain in the American Civil War
• Canada in the American Civil War

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

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• Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea And By River: The naval history of the Civil War. New York, New York: Da Capo Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0306803673. http://books.google.com/books?id=hoCK_yzA8xkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
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• Beringer, Richard E., Archer Jones, and Herman Hattaway, Why the South Lost the Civil War (1986) influential analysis of factors; an abridged version is The Elements of Confederate Defeat: Nationalism, War Aims, and Religion (1988)
• Bestor, Arthur (1964). "The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis". American Historical Review 69 (2): 327–52.
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• Fellman, Michael; Gordon, Lesley J.; Sunderland, Daniel E. (2007). This Terrible War: The Civil War and its Aftermath (2 រ.រ.). New York: Pearson. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0321389602. 
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• Holt, Michael F. (2005). The Fate of Their Country: Politicians, Slavery Extension, and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Hill and Wang. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0809044399. 
• Holzer, Harold; Gabbard, Sara Vaughn (2007). Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0809327645. http://books.google.com/?id=xLbkXsn6xHAC&pg=PA174. 
• Huddleston, John (2002). Killing Ground: The Civil War and the Changing American Landscape. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0801867736. 
• Johannsen, Robert W. (1973). Stephen A. Douglas. New York: Oxford University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 9780195016208. 
• Johnson, Timothy D. (1998). Winfield Scott: The Quest for Military Glory. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0700609147. 
• Jones, Howard (1999). Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0803225824. http://books.google.com/books?id=gVvZb5oeVtwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
• Jones, Howard (2002). Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913. Wilmington, Delaware: Rowman & Littlefield. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0842029162. http://books.google.com/?id=TFyLOUrdGFwC&pg=PA225. 
• Katcher, Philip (2002). The History of the American Civil War 1861 – 1865. London: Hamlyn. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0600607786. 
• Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0307263438. 
• Krannawitter, Thomas L. (2008). Vindicating Lincoln : defending the politics of our greatest president. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0742559726. 
• Lipset, Seymour Martin (1960). Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.. 
• McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-19-503863-7. 
• McPherson, James M. (1992). Ordeal By Fire : The Civil War and Reconstruction (2 រ.រ.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ល.ស.ប.អ. 9780070458420. 
• McPherson, James M. (1997). For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0199741052. http://books.google.com/books?id=1qhEHVki8tEC&pg=PA169. 
• McPherson, James M. (2007). This Mighty Scourge: Perspectives on the Civil War. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0195392425. 
• Miller, William L. (2008). President Lincoln: The Duty of a Statesman. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ល.ស.ប.អ. 1400041031. 
• Thornton, Mark; Ekelund, ‎Robert Burton (2004). Tariffs, Blockades, and Inflation: The Economics of the Civil War. Rowman & Littlefield. 
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• Neely, Mark (1993). Confederate Bastille: Jefferson Davis and Civil Liberties. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0874623253. http://books.google.com/books/about/Confederate_Bastille.html?id=zPV2AAAAMAAJ. 
• Nelson, James L. (2005). Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-06-052404-3. http://books.google.com/?id=d8XD-j--EVsC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=Delamater+Iron+works+monitor. 
• Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union, an 8-volume set (1947–1971). the most detailed political, economic and military narrative; by Pulitzer Prize winner
  • 1. Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847–1852; 2. A House Dividing, 1852–1857; 3. Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857–1859; 4. Prologue to Civil War, 1859–1861; vol. 5–8 have the series title "War for the Union"; 5. The Improvised War, 1861–1862; 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863; 7. The Organized War, 1863–1864; 8. The Organized War to Victory, 1864–1865
• Olsen, Christopher J. (2002). Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the Antiparty Tradition, 1830–1860. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0195160970. http://books.google.com/books?id=RrBb2ThDuCkC&pg=PA237&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
• Perman, Michael; Taylor, Amy M. (2010). Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction: Documents and Essays (3 រ.រ.). Boston, Massachusetts: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. ល.ស.ប.អ. 9780618875207. http://books.google.com/books?id=5rPbZT_hrncC&pg=PA177#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
• Potter, David M. (1962). "The Historian's Use of Nationalism and Vice Versa". American Historical Review 67 (4): 924–950.
• Potter, David M.; Fehrenbacher, Don E. (1976). The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. New York: Harper & Row. ល.ស.ប.អ. 9780060134037. 
• Quarstein, John V. (1999). The Battle of the Ironclads. Arcadia Publishing. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-7385-0113-0. 
• Rhodes, John Ford (1917). History of the Civil War, 1861–1865. New York: The Macmillan Company. http://books.google.com/books?id=nY4sAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
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• Schott, Thomas E. (1996). Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-8071-2106-1. 
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Further reading

• Gugliotta, Guy. New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll, The New York Times, April 3, 2012, pg. D1 (of the New York edition), and April 2, 2012 on NYTimes.com. Retrieved 2012-04-03 online.
• Bibliography of the American Civil War
• Bibliography of American Civil War naval history

External links

• American Civil War នៅគម្រោងបញ្ជីរាយឈ្មោះបើកទូលាយ
• Civil War photos at the National Archives
• View images from the Civil War Photographs Collection at the Library of Congress
• Civil War Trust
• Civil War Era Digital Collection at Gettysburg College This collection contains digital images of political cartoons, personal papers, pamphlets, maps, paintings and photographs from the Civil War Era held in Special Collections at Gettysburg College.
• Civil War 150 Washington Post interactive website on 150th Anniversary of the American Civil War.
• Civil War in the American South – An Association of Southeastern Research Libraries (ASERL) portal with links to almost 9,000 digitized Civil War-era items—books, pamphlets, broadsides, letters, maps, personal papers, and manuscripts—held at ASERL member libraries
• The Civil War – site with 7,000 pages, including the complete run of Harper's Weekly newspapers from the Civil War
• ទំព័រគំរូ:Internet Archive short film
• Civil War Living History Reenactments (videos)
• West Point Atlas of Civil War Battles