សាតាំង

ពីវិគីភីឌា

សាតាំង (ភាសាអង់គ្លេស: Satan, ភាសាហេប្រឺ: שָׂטָן, ភាសាក្រិច: Σατανάς) ជាអ្នកនាំសេចក្ដីអាក្រក់ និងការល្បួង ហើយត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថាជាអ្នកបោកបញ្ឆោត ដែលនាំមនុស្សឲ្យវង្វេង។  វាជាទូតសួគ៌ដែលធ្លាប់គោរពព្រះយ៉ាងខ្លាំង

ហើយមានរូបឆោមស្រស់ស្អាតទៀតផង ប៉ុន្តែវាបានធ្លាក់ចុះពីស្ថានសួគ៌ ដោយសារតែអំណួត ទាំងនាំមនុស្សទៅក្នុងផ្លូវនៃសេចក្ដីកុហក និងបាប ហើយវាមានអំណាចនៅក្នុងពិភពលោកនេះទៀតផង។

ការបង្ហាញនូវទស្សនីយភាពមួយ នៅក្នុងបទកាព្យដែលមានឈ្មោះថា Paradise Lost ជាស្នាដៃរបស់John Milton,ត្រង់កន្លែងដែលសាតាំងធ្លាក់ទៅក្នុងទន្លេ Styx (Hate) គូរដោយ Darodes ក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៨៦៨ (Illustration of a scene from John Milton's Paradise Lost, wherein Satan falls into the river Styx (Hate) by Darodes, c. 1868)
រូបភាពដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែលពិពណ៌នាអំពីសាតាំង នៅក្នុងបទកាព្យ Paradise Lost ដែលជាស្នាដៃរបស់ John Milton គូរដោយ​ Gustave Doré ក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៨៦៦ (Gustave Doré, Depiction of Satan, a central figure in John Milton's Paradise Lost c. 1866)

សាតាំង (ភាសាហេព្រើរ שָּׂטָן‎‎ មានន័យថា "សត្រូវ" ឬ "បច្ចាមិត្រ"[១][២][៣]។ នៅក្នុងព្រះគម្ពីរភាសាហេព្រើរ និងព្រះគម្ពីរសញ្ញាថ្មី សាតាំងគឺជាអ្នកចោទប្រកាន់ និងជាសត្រូវដ៏ធំមួយ ជាអ្នកព្យាបាទដ៏ច្បាស់ក្រឡែត ហើយក៏ត្រូវបានហៅថាអារក្សដែរ។ វាមានភាពគួរឲ្យស្អប់ខ្ពើម។[៤][៥][៦][៧][៨][៩][១០][១១][១២]

កណ្ឌគម្ពីរយ៉ូប[កែប្រែ]

នៅដើមកណ្ឌគម្ពីរនេះ យ៉ូបជាមនុស្សល្អម្នាក់ "គាត់ជាអ្នកគោរពកោតខ្លាចព្រះ ហើយបែរចេញពីសេចក្ដីអាក្រក់" (យ៉ូប 1:1), ដូច្នេះហើយបានជាគាត់ទទួលបានរង្វាន់ពីព្រះ។ នៅពេលដែលទូតសួគ៌បង្ហាញខ្លួននៅចំពោះព្រះ សាតាំងក៏មកបង្ហាញខ្លួនដែរ។ ព្រះបានប្រាប់សាតាំងអំពីភាពឥតកន្លែងបន្ទោសបានរបស់យ៉ូប ដែលជាចរិកទៀងត្រង់របស់គាត់។ នៅចន្លោះយ៉ូប 1:9–10 និង 2:4–5, សាតាំងលើកឡើងថា ព្រះបានប្រទានដល់យ៉ូបនូវអ្វីៗគ្រប់បែបយ៉ាងដែលមនុស្សចង់បាន ដូច្នេះហើយបានជាយ៉ូបស្មោះត្រង់ដល់ព្រះ; សាតាំងនិយាយថា ជំនឿរបស់យ៉ូបអាចធ្លាក់ចុះប្រសិនបើអ្វីៗទាំងអស់(សូម្បីតែសុខភាពរបស់គាត់) ដែលព្រះប្រទានឲ្យ ត្រូវបានយកចេញពីគាត់។ ដូច្នេះព្រះក៏អនុញ្ញាតឲ្យសាតាំងល្បងលយ៉ូប។[១៣] ទីបំផុតយ៉ូបនៅតែមានជំនឿ ហើយនៅតែសុចរិត ហើយសាតាំងត្រូវអាម៉ាសក្នុងការបរាជ័យរបស់វា។[១៤][១៥][១៦][១៧][១៨][១៩][២០][២១][២២][២៣][២៤][២៥]

[២៦][២៧][២០][១៩][២៨][២៩][៣០][៣១][៣២][៣៣][៣៤]

សាសនាគ្រីស្ទ

ជាធម្មតា សាតាំងត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថាជាសត្វពស់ ដែលបានល្បួងនាងអេវ៉ា ឲ្យហូបផ្លែឈើដែលព្រះបានហាមមិនឲ្យហូប[៣៥] ដូច្នេះសាតាំងតែងតែត្រូវបានពិពណ៌នាថាជាសត្វពស់។ យើងអាចឃើញនូវការយល់ស្របគ្នារបស់គ្រីស្ទាន ចំពោះរឿងរនេះ នៅក្នុងស្នាដៃរបស់ Justin Martyr, ជំពូក ៤៥ និង ៧៩ នៅក្នុងការសន្ទនាជាមួយTrypho, ដែល Justin ប្រដូចសាតាំងនឹងសត្វពស់។[៣៦] ក្រុមជំនុំដើមដំបូងពីមុនៗផ្សេងទៀតក៏បានលើកឡើងអំពីកំណត់សម្គាល់នេះដែរ មានដូចជា Theophilus និង Tertullian។[៣៧]

ចាប់តាំងពីសតវត្សទី៤ លូស៊ីហ៊្វើ (Lucifer) ជួនកាល ត្រូវបានប្រើនៅក្នុងទេវវិទ្យាគ្រីស្ទាន សំដៅលើសាតាំង, ដែលគេស្គាល់តាមរយៈកណ្ឌគម្ពីរអេសាយ ១៤:១២ និយាយអំពីផ្កាយព្រឹកដែលធ្លាក់ចុះពីស្ថានសួគ៌។

ចំពោះគ្រីស្ទានជាច្រើន ជឿថាសាតាំងគឺជាទូតសួគ៌មួយរូប ដែលបានបះបោលប្រឆាំងនឹងព្រះ។ នៅក្នុងព្រះគម្ពីរសញ្ញាថ្មី សាតាំងត្រូវបានហៅថា "មេអារក្ស" "មេគ្រប់គ្រងនៃពិភពលោក", និងត្រូវបានហៅថា "ព្រះនៃពិភពលោកនេះ" កណ្ឌគម្ពីរវិវរណៈពិពណ៌នាអំពីរបៀបដែលសាតាំងត្រូវបានបណ្ដេញចេញពីស្ថានសួគ៌ ទាំងមានកំហឹងយ៉ាងខ្លាំង ព្រមទាំងបានធ្វើសង្គ្រាមប្រឆាំងនឹងពួកអ្នកដែលស្ដាប់តាមបទបញ្ជារបស់ព្រះទៀតផង។ ទីបំផុត សាតាំងនឹងត្រូវបោះទៅក្នុងបឹងភ្លើង[៣៨]

ក្រុមជំនុំគ្រីស្ទានពីមុន បានទទួលនូវការប្រឆាំងពីពួកដែលមិនជឿងព្រះ ដូចជាពួក Celsus ជាដើម ដែលបានអះអាងថា "ការដែលនិយាយថាព្រះដ៏ធំឧត្ដមបំផុត មានសត្រូវមួយដែលរារាំងសមត្ថភាពរបស់ព្រះអង្គមិនឲ្យធ្វើល្អ ជាការប្រមាថដល់ព្រះ" ហើយថាគ្រីស្ទាន "បែងចែកអាណាចក្ររបស់ព្រះ ដោយបង្កើតឲ្យមានការបះបោរនៅក្នុងអាណាចក្ររបស់ព្រះ ដែលហាក់បីដូចជាមានក្រុមប្រឆាំង នៅក្នុងចំណោមអង្គស្ថានសួគ៌ រួមទាំងម្នាក់ដែលជាសត្រូវនឹងព្រះទៀតផង"[៣៩]

រូបភាពបង្ហាញពីការធ្លាក់ចុះរបស់លូស៊ីហ៊្វើ និងការវិវឌ្ឍន៍កាន់តែអាក្រក់របស់វា ទៅជាសាតាំង គូរដោយ Gustave Doré ក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៨៨៦ (Illustration for John Milton's Paradise Lost by Gustave Doré, (1886) showing Lucifer's descent and his deterioration into Satan)

វាក្យសព្ទ[កែប្រែ]

នៅក្នុងសាសនាគ្រីស្ទ មានពាក្យន័យដូចជាច្រើន សម្រាប់ពាក្យ «សាតាំង»។ ពាក្យដែលគេតែងតែប្រើច្រើនបំផុត ហើយមានន័យដូចនឹងពាក្យ "សាតាំង" គឺ "មារ"។ ពាក្យនេះមានដើមកំណើតពី Middle English devel, ពី Old English dēofol, ដែលត្រូវបានខ្ចីពីពាក្យឡាតាំង "diabolus"។ ពាក្យនេះផងដែលក៏ត្រូវបានខ្ចីពីពាក្យក្រិក diabolos មានន័យថា "អ្នកមួលបង្កាច់", ចេញពីពាក្យ diaballein មានន័យថា "មួលបង្កាច់": dia មានន័យថា "ឆ្លងកាត់ ឬ តាមរយៈ" + ballein មានន័យថា"ក្រវាត់"។[៤០] នៅក្នុងព្រះគម្ពីរសញ្ញាថ្មី ពាក្យ "សាតាំង" មានប្រើជាង៣០ដង អមមកជាមួយនឹងពាក្យ diabolos, ដែលមានន័យថា អ្នកមួលបង្កាច់, សំដៅលើបុគ្គលដដែល ឬ អ្វីមួយដែលជាសាតាំង។[៤១][៤២]

នៅក្នុងកណ្ឌគម្ពីរវិវរណៈ ពាក្យ​ "សាតាំង" មានប្រើពីរដង សំដៅលើ "សត្វនាគ ដែលជាសត្វពស់កាលពីបុរាណ ហើយត្រូវបានគេហៅថា មារ ឬសាតាំង (12:9, 20:2). នៅក្នុងកណ្ឌគម្ពីរវិវរណៈ ពាក្យនេះក៏សំដៅលើ "អ្នកបោកបញ្ឆោត" ដែរ។[៤៣]

[៤៤] [៤៥] [៤៦][៤៧] [៤៨][៤៩] [៥០] [៥១][៥២][៥៣] [៥៤][៥៥][៥៥][៥៦][៥៧] [៥៨][៥៩] [៦០][៦១][៦២] [៦៣][៦៤][៦៥][៦៦] [៦៧] [៦៨][៦៩][៧០][៧១] [៦៩][៧០] [៧១][៧២][៧៣][៧៤][៧៥][៧៦][៧៧] [៧៨][៧៩]

  1. ↑ http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13219-satan "Term used in the Bible with the general connotation of "adversary", being applied (1) to an enemy in war (I Kings v. 18 [A. V. 4]; xi. 14, 23, 25), from which use is developed the concept of a traitor in battle (I Sam. xxix. 4); (2) to an accuser before the judgment-seat (Ps. cix. 6); and (3) to any opponent (II Sam. xix. 23 [A. V. 22]). The word is likewise used to denote an antagonist who puts obstacles in the way, as in Num. xxii. 32, where the angel of God is described as opposing Balaam in the guise of a satan or adversary; so that the concept of Satan as a distinct being was not then known."
  2. ↑ Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, page 290, Wendy Doniger
  3. ↑ Leeming, David Adams (2005). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. p. 347. ល.ស.ប.អ. 978-0-19-515669-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=kQFtlva3HaYC&pg=PA347#v=onepage&f=false. 
  4. ↑ Contemporary Religious Satanisim: A Critical Reader, Jesper Aagaard Petersen – 2009
  5. ↑ Who's ? Right: Mankind, Religions and the End Times, page 35, Kelly Warman-Stallings – 2012
  6. ↑ ed. Buttrick, George Arthur; The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, An illustrated Encyclopedia
  7. ↑ Crenshaw, James L. Harper Collins Study Bible (NRSV), 1989
  8. ↑ Stephen M. Hooks – 2007 "As in Zechariah 3:1–2 the term here carries the definite article (has'satan="the satan") and functions not as a...the only place in the Hebrew Bible where the term "Satan" is unquestionably used as a proper name is 1 Chronicles 21:1."
  9. ↑ Coogan, Michael D.; A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context, Oxford University Press, 2009
  10. ↑ Rachel Adelman The Return of the Repressed: Pirqe De-Rabbi Eliezer p65 "However, in the parallel versions of the story in Chronicles, it is Satan (without the definite article),"
  11. ↑ Septuagint 108:6 κατάστησον ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἁμαρτωλόν καὶ διάβολος στήτω ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ
  12. ↑ Ruth R. Brand Adam and Eve p88 – 2005 "Later, however, King Hadad 1 Kings 11:14) and King Rezon (verses 23, ... Numbers 22:22, 23 does not use the definite article but identifies the angel of YHWH as "a satan."
  13. ↑ HarperCollins Study Bible (NRSV)
  14. ↑ "The structure and message of the Book of Job". Vetus Testamentum.
  15. ↑ Jeffrey Burton Russell, The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive ...1977, page 102 "This conflict between truth and the lie was one of the main sources of Zarathushtra's dualism: the prophet perceived Angra Mainyu, the lord of evil, as the personification of the lie. For Zoroastrians (as for the Egyptians), the lie was the essence ... "
  16. ↑ Peter Clark, Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to Ancient Faith 1998, page 152 "There are so many features that Zoroastrianism seems to share with the Judeo-Christian tradition that it would be difficult to ... Historically the first point of contact that we can determine is when the Achaemenian Cyrus conquered Babylon ..539 BC"
  17. ↑ Winn, Shan M.M. (1995). Heaven, heroes, and happiness : the Indo-European roots of Western ideology.. Lanham, Md.: University press of America. p. 203. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0819198609. 
  18. ↑ Henry Ansgar Kelly Satan: a biography 2006 "However, for Hadad and Rezon they left the Hebrew term untranslated and simply said satan.. in the three passages in which a supra-Human satan appears: namely, Numbers, Job, Zechariah
  19. ↑ ១៩,០ ១៩,១ Jackson, David R. (2004). Enochic Judaism. London: T&T Clark International. pp. 2–4. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0826470890. 
  20. ↑ ២០,០ ២០,១ Berlin, editor in chief, Adele (2011). The Oxford dictionary of the Jewish religion (2nd រ.រ.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 651. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0199730040. https://books.google.com/books?id=hKAaJXvUaUoC&pg=PA651&lpg=PA651&dq=Berlin+Grossman%22misinterpretation+of+is%22&source=bl&ots=d8F76bcDpU&sig=NjFhmaLG71fErwgVMcTV0rT-gDI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yvwEUMupK8fs2QXJ17yaBQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Berlin%20Grossman%22misinterpretation%20of%20is%22&f=false. 
  21. ↑ 2 Enoch 18:3. On this tradition, see A. Orlov, "The Watchers of Satanael: The Fallen Angels Traditions in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch," in: A. Orlov, Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology (Albany: SUNY, 2011) 85–106.
  22. ↑ "And I threw him out from the height with his angels, and he was flying in the air continuously above the bottomless" – 2 Enoch 29:4
  23. ↑ "The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places, as a fugitive he made Sotona from the heavens as his name was Satanail, thus he became different from the angels, but his nature did not change his intelligence as far as his understanding of righteous and sinful things" – 2 Enoch 31:4
  24. ↑ See The Book of Wisdom: With Introduction and Notes, p. 27, Object of the book, by A. T. S. Goodrick.
  25. ↑ [ Introduction to the Book of Jubilees, 15. Theology. Some of our Author's Views: Demonology, by R.H. Charles.
  26. ↑ Based on the Jewish exegesis of 1 Samuel 29:4 and 1 Kings 5:18 – Oxford dictionary of the Jewish religion, 2011, p. 651 "Satan is rarely mentioned in tannaitic literature; later, chiefly Babylonian, aggadah enlarges the scope of his influence and activities. Perhaps because of the influential presence of Satan as a name or character in the New Testament and the"
  27. ↑ "Satan". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  28. ↑ Bamberger, Bernard J. (2006). Fallen angels : soldiers of satan's realm (1. paperback រ.រ.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Jewish Publ. Soc. of America. p. 148,149. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0827607970. 
  29. ↑ Robert Eisen Associate Professor of Religious Studies George Washington University The Book of Job in Medieval Jewish Philosophy 2004 p120 "Moreover, Zerahfiiah gives us insight into the parallel between the Garden of Eden story and the Job story alluded to ... both Satan and Job's wife are metaphors for the evil inclination, a motif Zerahfiiah seems to identify with the imagination."
  30. ↑ The Dictionary of Angels" by Gustav Davidson, © 1967
  31. ↑ http://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/2001/06/what-reform-jews-believe.aspx
  32. ↑ http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/satan-the-adversary/
  33. ↑ http://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.46a.6?lang=bi
  34. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160518194809/http://www.yonanewman.org/kizzur/kizzur44.html
  35. ↑ "SATAN - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com.
  36. ↑ Kelly, Harry Ansgar (2007). Satan: a Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-521-84339-3.
  37. ↑ Kelly, Harry Ansgar (2007). Satan: a Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-521-84339-3.
  38. ↑ ទំព័រគំរូ:Bibleref2
  39. ↑ Origen. Contra Celsum. Book 6. Ch 42. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/origen166.html. 
  40. ↑ "American Heritage Dictionary: Devil". Retrieved 2006-05-31.
  41. ↑ ទំព័រគំរូ:Bibleref2
  42. ↑ K. van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter Willem van der Horst, Baalzebub, "Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible", p. 155
  43. ↑ B. W. Johnson (1891). "The Revelation of John. Chapter XX. The Millennium". The People's New Testament. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved November 30, 2009.
  44. ↑ Tafsir al-Qur'an al-adhim (Interpretation of the Great Qur'an) - Ibn Kathir - commentary of surat al baqarah
  45. ↑ The Beginning and the End - Ibn Kathir - Volume I
  46. ↑ Adapted from http://islamqa.info/ar/8976
  47. ↑ Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009 ISBN 9780815650706 page 46
  48. ↑ The Beginning and the End - Ibn Kathir - Volume I, also the Koranic commentary of the same author
  49. ↑ ទំព័រគំរូ:Quran-usc
  50. ↑ ទំព័រគំរូ:Quran-usc
  51. ↑ ទំព័រគំរូ:Quran-usc
  52. ↑ Adapted from A History of God, Karen Armstrong
  53. ↑ Adapted from No god but God, Reza Aslan
  54. ↑ "The Greater Satan", Javad Nurbakhsh
  55. ↑ ៥៥,០ ៥៥,១ "The Disobedience of Iblis in Sufism - Journey to the Sea". journeytothesea.com.
  56. ↑ Al insan Al Kamel (the perfect human), Abdul Karim Jili
  57. ↑ Charles Mathewes Understanding Religious EthicsJohn Wiley & Sons ISBN 978-1-405-13351-7 page 249
  58. ↑ Michael Anthony Sells. Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Paulist Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-809-13619-3. page 143
  59. ↑ Drower, E.S. The Peacock Angel. Being Some Account of Votaries of a Secret Cult and Their Sanctuaries. London: John Murray, 1941. [១]
  60. ↑ Birgül Açikyildiz The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion I.B.Tauris 2014 ISBN 978-0-857-72061-0 page 74
  61. ↑ ʻAbduʾl-Bahá (1982) [1912]. The Promulgation of Universal Peace. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. pp. 294–295. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-87743-172-8. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/PUP/pup-97.html. 
  62. ↑ Smith, Peter (2000). A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford, UK: Oneworld. pp. 135–136, 304. ល.ស.ប.អ. 1-85168-184-1. 
  63. ↑ Smith, Peter (2008). An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 112. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-521-86251-5. 
  64. ↑ "Cerro Rico: Devil worship on the man-eating mountain". BBC News.
  65. ↑ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. p. 82. https://books.google.com/books?id=g05THJPH5xUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Re-enchantment+of+the+West&lr=&sig=BmuWhU0n3TzA3fd4NfIBDPuCFjo#PPP1,M1។ បានយកមក 2008-05-12. 
  66. ↑ Satanism and Demonology, by Lionel & Patricia Fanthorpe, Dundurn Press, 8 Mar 2011, p. 74, "If, as theistic Satanists believe, the devil is an intelligent, self-aware entity..." "Theistic Satanism then becomes explicable in terms of Lucifer's ambition to be the supreme god and his rebellion against Yahweh. [...] This simplistic, controntational view is modified by other theistic Satanists who do not regard their hero as evil: far from it. For them he is a freedom fighter..."
  67. ↑ "Interview_MLO". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
  68. ↑ Cinema of the Occult: New Age, Satanism, Wicca, and Spiritualism in Film, Carrol Lee Fry, Associated University Presse, 2008, pp. 92–98
  69. ↑ ៦៩,០ ៦៩,១ Encyclopedia of Urban Legends, Updated and Expanded Edition, by Jan Harold Brunvand, ABC-CLIO, 31 Jul 2012 pp. 694–695
  70. ↑ ៧០,០ ៧០,១ Raising the Devil: Satanism, New Religions, and the Media, by Bill Ellis, University Press of Kentucky p. 125 In discussing myths about groups accused of Satanism, "...such myths are already pervasive in Western culture, and the development of the modern "Satanic Scare" would be impossible to explain without showing how these myths helped organize concerns and beliefs". Accusations of Satanism are traced from the witch hunts, to the Illuminati, to the Satanic Ritual Abuse panic in the 1980s, with a distinction made between what modern Satanists believe and what is believed about Satanists.
  71. ↑ ៧១,០ ៧១,១ Satan in America: The Devil We Know, by W. Scott Poole, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 16 Nov 2009, pp. 42–43
  72. ↑ Catherine Beyer. "An Introduction to LaVeyan Satanism and the Church of Satan". About.com Religion & Spirituality. Archived from the original on 2015-04-05. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
  73. ↑ High Priest, Magus Peter H. Gilmore. "What, The Devil?". churchofsatan.com.
  74. ↑ High Priest, Magus Peter H. Gilmore. "F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs". churchofsatan.com.
  75. ↑ [២] Archived July 1, 2012, at the វេយប៊ែខ ម៉ាស៊ីន.
  76. ↑ High Priest, Magus Peter H. Gilmore. "Religious Requirements and Practices - churchofsatan.com". churchofsatan.com.
  77. ↑ Contemporary religious Satanism: a critical anthology, page 45, Jesper Aagaard Petersen, 2009
  78. ↑ High Priest, Magus Peter H. Gilmore. "Satanism: The Feared Religion". churchofsatan.com.
  79. ↑ ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite av media

ឯកសារយោង[កែប្រែ]

  • Bamberger, Bernard J. (2006). Fallen Angels: Soldiers of Satan's Realm. Jewish Publication Society of America. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-8276-0797-0. 
  • Caldwell, William. "The Doctrine of Satan: I. In the Old Testament", The Biblical World, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Jan., 1913), pp. 29–33 in JSTOR
  • Caldwell, William. "The Doctrine of Satan: II. Satan in Extra-Biblical Apocalyptical Literature", The Biblical World, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Feb., 1913), pp. 98–102 in JSTOR
  • Caldwell, William. "The Doctrine of Satan: III. In the New Testament", The Biblical World, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Mar., 1913), pp. 167–172 in JSTOR
  • Empson, William. Milton's God (1966)
  • Forsyth, Neil (1987). The Old Enemy: Satan & the Combat Myth. Princeton University Press; Reprint edition. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-691-01474-4. 
  • Forsyth, Neil (1987). The Satanic Epic. Princeton University Press; Reprint edition. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-691-11339-4. 
  • Gentry, Kenneth L. Jr (2002). The Beast of Revelation. American Vision. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-915815-41-9. 
  • Graves, Kersey (1995). Biography of Satan: Exposing the Origins of the Devil. Book Tree. ល.ស.ប.អ. 1-885395-11-6. 
  • ‘’The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, An illustrated Encyclopedia’’;ed. Buttrick, George Arthur; Abingdon Press 1962
  • Jacobs, Joseph, and Ludwig Blau. "Satan," The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) online pp 68–71
  • Kelly, Henry Ansgar. Satan: A Biography. (2006). 360 pp. excerpt and text search ISBN 0-521-60402-8, a study of the Bible and Western literature
  • Kent, William. "Devil." The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) Vol. 4. online older article
  • Osborne, B. A. E. "Peter: Stumbling-Block and Satan," Novum Testamentum, Vol. 15, Fasc. 3 (Jul., 1973), pp. 187–190 in JSTOR on "Get thee behind me, Satan!"
  • Pagels, Elaine (1995). The Origin of Satan. Vintage; Reprint edition. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-679-72232-7. 
  • Rebhorn Wayne A. "The Humanist Tradition and Milton's Satan: The Conservative as Revolutionary," Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, Vol. 13, No. 1, The English Renaissance (Winter, 1973), pp. 81–93 in JSTOR
  • Rudwin, Maximilian (1970). The Devil in Legend and Literature. Open Court. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-87548-248-1. 
  • Russell, Jeffrey Burton. The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity (1987) excerpt and text search
  • Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Satan: The Early Christian Tradition (1987) excerpt and text search
  • Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages (1986) excerpt and text search
  • Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Mephistopheles: The Devil in the Modern World (1990) excerpt and text search
  • Russell, Jeffrey Burton. The Prince of Darkness: Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History (1992) excerpt and text search
  • Schaff, D. S. "Devil" in New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1911), Mainline Protestant; vol 3 pp 414–417 online
  • Scott, Miriam Van. The Encyclopedia of Hell (1999) excerpt and text search comparative religions; also popular culture
  • Wray, T. J. and Gregory Mobley. The Birth of Satan: Tracing the Devil's Biblical Roots (2005) excerpt and text search
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