មើលកូដរបស់ ទំព័រគំរូ:Sc/doc

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==Usage==

'''<nowiki>{{sc}}</nowiki>''', named after '''s'''mall '''c'''aps, is a more robust and consistent WYSIWYG extension of {{tl|Smallcaps}}, backward-compatible in syntax and results. It will rewrite your text using typographical [[small caps|{{sc||small caps}}]]. This template is especially useful for name/surname disambiguation in [[WP:LEAD|lead section]]s, and to lighten all-caps words or pronounceable [[acronym]]s.

{| class="wikitable"
|'''Code'''     ||<code><nowiki>Adolfo {{sc|B|ioy| C|asares}}</nowiki></code>
|-
|'''Displayed'''||              Adolfo {{sc|B|ioy| C|asares}}
|-
|'''Pasted'''   || Adolfo BIOY CASARES
|}

Contrary to <nowiki>{{Smallcaps}}</nowiki>, the text will still show the disambiguated "Adolfo BIOY CASARES" (instead of "Adolfo Bioy Casares") in:

* A copy-pasted version of the text.
* A degraded version displayed by a non-CSS browser, or one whose CSS has been disabled, or portable devices such as mobile phones.
* An excerpt as displayed in the results of search engines such as Google.

This preserves the benefit of small caps where they were judged useful.

{| class="wikitable"
|'''Code'''     ||<code><nowiki>{{sc|The Lord G|OD| was the L|ORD| in 4004 |BC}}</nowiki></code>
|-
|'''Displayed'''||              {{sc|The Lord G|OD| was the L|ORD| in 4004 |BC}}
|-
|'''Pasted'''   || The Lord GOD was the LORD in 4004 BC
|}

In this case, the pasted/degraded/excerpted text will retain proper theological caps (instead of the erroneous "The Lord God was the Lord in 4004 bc" that <nowiki>{{Smallcaps}}</nowiki> would give.)

==Notes==

* An optional parameter, <code>wrap=no</code> will prevent the wrapping of a part of the text:
: <code><nowiki>{{sc|wrap=no|4004 |BC}}</nowiki></code>

* The template will handle up to 20 segments, but could very easily be extended to do twice or more. If you accidentally use more than 20 segments, the template will output an error message in a yellow box like this: {{sc|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|KaBoom}} This will let you know about it instead of having your extra segments be silently ignored.

* The actual process depends on the alternance of odd and even segments (see also the more visual examples):
** Odd segments are outputted verbatim, and displayed with a small caps filter, that is: uppercase letters are outputted uppercase and displayed as regular caps, lowercase letters are outputted as lowercase but displayed as small caps. All other characters are unaltered. A copy-paste of this segment (or a degraded visual on an older browser) will thus display the original text provided to the segment, with its original case. This allows both control of where regular caps will go, and of the contents of copy-paste and degradation.
** Even segments are forced to uppercase for output, and displayed in small caps, that is: whether the source text is uppercase or lowercase doesn't matter here, the output and display will be the same, uppercase letters displayed as small-caps. Note that non-letter signs (especially numbers) shouldn't go in this segment, because they too would be reduced in size.

* [[Diacritic]]s (å, ç, é, ğ, ı, ñ, ø, ş, ü, etc.) are handled.

* There are dedicated templates {{tl|LORD}} and {{tl|GOD}} for the scriptural use. They are equivalent but streamlined. Preferably do not use <nowiki>{{sc}}</nowiki> for this.

* With a single argument, <code><nowiki>{{sc|Your Text}}</nowiki></code> is 100% equivalent to <code><nowiki>{{Smallcaps|Your Text}}</nowiki></code>. Thus, <nowiki>{{Smallcaps}}</nowiki> could be redirected to <nowiki>{{sc}}</nowiki> without breaking anything. However, <nowiki>{{Smallcaps}}</nowiki> is '''''not''''' to be redirected to <nowiki>{{sc}}</nowiki>, because there would be no benefit to it, and because the code for <nowiki>{{Smallcaps}}</nowiki> is much shorter to transclude for what it does than the longer code for <nowiki>{{sc}}</nowiki>.

* Use of this template does not generate any automatic categorization. As with most templates, if the argument contains an <tt>=</tt> sign, the sign should be replaced with {{[[Template:=|=]]}}, or the whole argument be prefixed with <tt>1=</tt>. And for wikilinks, you need to use piping.

==Code examples==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Display (screen) <br /> ''Output (pasted)'' !! Code
|-
|{{Y}}|| Sinéad {{sc|O'C|onnor}} (born 1966) <br /> ''Sinéad O'CONNOR (born 1966)''
|<nowiki>Sinéad {{sc|O'C|onnor}} (born 1966)</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| Leonardo {{sc|DiC|aprio}} (born 1974) <br /> ''Leonardo DiCAPRIO (born 1974)''
|<nowiki>Leonardo {{sc|DiC|aprio}} (born 1974)</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| Adolfo {{sc|B|ioy| C|asares}} is at "B" <br /> '' Adolfo BIOY CASARES is at "B"''
|<nowiki>Adolfo {{sc|B|ioy| C|asares}} is at "B"</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| José {{sc|Á|lvarez| de T|oledo| y G|onzaga}} <br /> ''José ÁLVAREZ de TOLEDO y GONZAGA''
|<nowiki>José {{sc|Á|lvarez| de T|oledo| y G|onzaga}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|N|esbø|, V|ågen|, L|ouÿs|, Z|úñiga|, K|abaağaçlı}} <br /> ''NESBØ, VÅGEN, LOUŸS, ZÚÑIGA, KABAAĞAÇLI''
|<nowiki>{{sc|N|esbø|, V|ågen|, L|ouÿs|, Z|úñiga|, K|abaağaçlı}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|T|he| ''N|ame'' of the| 2|<sup>nd</sup>| G|ame}} <br /> ''THE NAME OF THE 2ND GAME''
|<nowiki>{{sc|T|he| ''N|ame'' of the| 2|<sup>nd</sup>| G|ame}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|M|ao}} Zedong <br /> ''MAO Zedong''
|<nowiki>{{sc|M|ao}} Zedong</nowiki>
|-
|colspan="3" align="center"| ''When your text shouldn't be wrapped:''
|-
|{{Y}}|| From {{sc|wrap=no|4004 |BC}} to {{sc|wrap=no|525 |AD}} <br /> ''From 4004 BC to 525 AD''
|<nowiki>From {{sc|wrap=no|4004 |BC}} to {{sc|wrap=no|525 |AD}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| The shortcut is {{sc|wrap=no|C|TRL| + A|LT| + D|EL}} <br /> ''The shortcut is CTRL + ALT + DEL''
|<nowiki>The shortcut is {{sc|wrap=no|C|TRL| + A|LT| + D|EL}}</nowiki>
|-
|colspan="3" align="center"| ''When your text uses an = sign:''
|-
|{{N}}|| {{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| = U|s}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| = U|s}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| <nowiki>=</nowiki> U|s}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| &lt;nowiki>=&lt;/nowiki> U|s}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| &#61; U|s}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| &amp;#61; U|s}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| {{=}} U|s}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|Y|ou and| M|e| {{=}} U|s}}</nowiki>
|-
|colspan="3" align="center"| ''When your text has a template inside:''
|-
|{{N}}|| in {{sc|F|iddler's| {{Green|G}}|{{Green|reen}}}} forever
|<nowiki>in {{sc|F|iddler's| {{Green|G}}|{{Green|reen}}}} forever</nowiki>
|-
|{{N}}|| in {{sc|F|iddler's| {{Green{{!}}G}}|{{Green{{!}}reen}}}} forever
|<nowiki>in {{sc|F|iddler's| {{Green{{!}}G}}|{{Green{{!}}reen}}}} forever</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| in {{sc|1=F|2=iddler's|3={{Green| G}}|4={{Green|reen}}}} forever
|<nowiki>in {{sc|1=F|2=iddler's|3={{Green| G}}|4={{Green|reen}}}} forever</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| in {{sc|F|iddler's}} {{Green|1={{sc|G|reen}}}} forever
|<nowiki>in {{sc|F|iddler's}} {{Green|1={{sc|G|reen}}}} forever</nowiki>
|-
|colspan="3" align="center"| ''When your text is inside a template:''
|-
|{{N}}|| {{Green|in {{sc|F|iddler's| G|reen}} forever}}
|<nowiki>{{Green|in {{sc|F|iddler's| G|reen}} forever}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{Green|1=in {{sc|F|iddler's| G|reen}} forever}}
|<nowiki>{{Green|1=in {{sc|F|iddler's| G|reen}} forever}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{Colors|green|yellow|3=in {{sc|F|iddler's| G|reen}} forever}}
|<nowiki>{{Colors|green|yellow|3=in {{sc|F|iddler's| G|reen}} forever}}</nowiki>
|-
|colspan="3" align="center"| ''When your text uses a {{!}} pipe:''
|-
|{{N}}|| {{sc|B|efore|{{!}}|afteR}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|B|efore|{{!}}|afteR}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{N}}|| {{sc|B|efore|3={{!}}|afteR}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|B|efore|3={{!}}|afteR}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|B|efore|<nowiki>|</nowiki>|afte|R}}
| <nowiki>{{sc|B|efore|&lt;nowiki>|&lt;/nowiki>|afte|R}}</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| {{sc|B|efore|&#124;|afte|R}}
|<nowiki>{{sc|B|efore|&amp;#124;|afte|R}}</nowiki>
|-
|colspan="3" align="center"| ''When your text uses a link:''
|-
|{{N}}|| [[{{sc|M|ao}} Zedong]]
|<nowiki>[[{{sc|M|ao}} Zedong]]</nowiki>
|-
|{{Y}}|| [[Mao Zedong|{{sc|M|ao}} Zedong]]
|<nowiki>[[Mao Zedong|{{sc|M|ao}} Zedong]]</nowiki>
|}

Note: some of the "wrong" examples would actually work when used outside of a table, but it is preferable to know and use codes that will work everywhere instead.

{{Sc/doc/Smallcaps and sc}} <!--SUBPAGE ALSO TRANSCLUDED AT {{Smallcaps}}-->

==Reasons to use small caps==

[[Small caps]] are useful for encyclopedical and typographical uses including:

; To lighten ALL-CAPS words or pronounceable [[acronym]]s
* The biblical "[[The LORD|{{LORD}}]]" (instead of LORD or Lord) or "Lord {{GOD}}" as written in the King James Bible and such
* The acronyms [[UNESCO|{{sc|U|nesco}}]] (instead of UNESCO or Unesco) or [[UNICEF|{{sc|U|nicef}}]]
* The trademark [[Time (magazine)|{{sc|T|ime}}]] (instead of TIME or Time)
; To lighten ALL-CAPS surnames mandated by [[citation style]]s such as [[Harvard referencing|Harvard]]
* Piccadilly has been compared to "a Parisian boulevard" ({{sc|D|ickens}} 1879).
* [[Charles Dickens, Jr|{{sc|D|ickens}}, C., Jr]] (1879). "Piccadilly" in ''Dickens's Dictionary of London''. London: C. Dickens.[http://worldcat.org/oclc/54321168?page=citation]
; To disambiguate Western names and surnames at a glance
* Many [[Hispanic name]]s are tricky to decompose:
** [[Jorge Luis Borges|Jorge Luis {{sc|B|orges}}]], but [[Adolfo Bioy Casares|Adolfo {{sc|B|ioy| C|asares}}]] (both filed under "B")
** [[José Álvarez de Bohórquez|José {{sc|Á|lvarez| de las A|sturias| de B|ohórquez| y G|oyeneche}}, Marqués de los Trujillos]]
* And many [[Hispanic name]]s are better known by their second surname:
** [[Pablo Ruiz Picasso|Pablo {{sc|R|uiz| '''P|icasso'''}}]], [[Federico García Lorca|Federico {{sc|G|arcía| '''L|orca'''}}]], [[Emir Rodríguez Monegal|Emir {{sc|R|odríguez| '''M|onegal'''}}]], [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero|José Luis {{sc|R|odríguez| '''Z|apatero'''}}]]
* Many names (Martín, Miguel, Ramón, Tomás, etc.) can be either forename or surname:
** [[Juan Martín Hernández|Juan Martín {{sc|H|ernández}}]] vs. [[Rafael Martín Vázquez|Rafael {{sc|M|artín| V|ázquez}}]] (two ball players)
* [[Hungarian name]]s natively use the surname-first order:
** [[Petőfi Sándor|{{sc|P|etőfi}} Sándor]] is usually westernized [[Sándor Petőfi|Sándor {{sc|P|etőfi}}]]
; To disambiguate Eastern surnames and given names at a glance
* Most [[Chinese name]]s and [[Korean name]]s retain their surname-first order:
** [[Mao Zedong|{{sc|M|ao}} Zedong]] fought [[Chiang Kai-shek|{{sc|C|hiang}} Kai-shek]]
** The movie ''Oldboy'' by [[Park Chan-wook|{{sc|P|ark}} Chan-wook]] starring [[Choi Min-sik|{{sc|C|hoi}} Min-sik]] was not seen by [[Kim Il-sung|{{sc|K|im}} Il-sung]]
* Most [[Japanese name]]s are reversed in the West, but not all:
** ([[Akira Kurosawa|Akira {{sc|K|urosawa}}]] or [[Motojirō Kajii|Motojirō {{sc|K|ajii}}]] are usually westernized)
** But [[Matsuo Bashō|{{sc|M|atsuo}} Bashō]], [[Ono no Komachi|{{sc|O|no}} no Komachi]], [[Kaga no Chiyo|{{sc|K|aga}} no Chiyo]] (haiku poets known under their given name)
** But [[Edogawa Ranpo|{{sc|E|dogawa}} Ranpo]] (kept due to wordplay "EdgarA–llanPoe) vs. [[Ranpo Edogawa|Ranpo {{sc|E|dogawa}}]] (some modern uses)
* [[Burma|Burmese]] names ignore the concept of forename/surname, but are adapted in the West:
** Daw [[Aung San Suu Kyi|Aung San {{sc|S|uu| K|yi}}]], daughter of General [[Aung San|{{sc|A|ung| S|an}}]] ("Daw" is honorific, her name take part of his name)
* And some [[Burma|Burmese]] names are so short they need to retain an honorific prefix (U for Mister, Daw for Madam, Thakin for Master) which is confusable with a forename or a surname:
** [[U Nu|U {{sc|N|u}}]] ("Mister {{sc|N|u}}"), a.k.a. [[Thakin Nu|Thakin {{sc|N|u}}]] ("Master {{sc|N|u}}")
; In chemical nomenclature of [[sugar]]s and [[amino acid]]s

==Technical code==

Technically, any call such as:

: <code><nowiki>x{{sc|L|ord}}x</nowiki></code>
: <code><nowiki>x{{sc|L|oRd}}x</nowiki></code>
: <code><nowiki>x{{sc|L|ORD}}x</nowiki></code>

Will result in the very same code:

: <code><nowiki>x<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">L</span><span style="font-size:80%;">ORD</span>x</nowiki></code>

That is:

* <code><nowiki><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"> ... </span></nowiki></code> in the odd segments
* <code><nowiki><span style="font-size:80%;">{{uc: ... }}</span></nowiki></code> in the even segments

The "font-size:80%" displays a capital at the same height than those generated by "font-variant:small-caps". (The "font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase" has not been used because it doesn't work at least in Internet Explorer 5 and 6, which are still fairly common browsers.)

==See also==

Streamlined equivalent versions for very common cases:

* {{tl|LORD}}, {{tl|GOD}}

Alternative template that only changes the display (copy-paste will get the small-caps as lowercase):

* {{tl|Smallcaps}} – small caps display

Templates that change the display (copy-paste will get the original text):

* {{tl|Nocaps}}    – lower case display
* {{tl|Smallcaps}} – small caps display
* {{tl|Allcaps}}   – upper case display

[[Help:Magic words#Formatting|Magic words]] that rewrite the output (copy-paste will get the text as displayed):

* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>lc:}}      – lower case output of the full text
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>uc:}}      – upper case output of the full text
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>lcfirst:}} – lower case output of the first character only
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>ucfirst:}} – upper case output of the first character only

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