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ស្លាក: កែប្រែតាមគំហើញ កែ​សម្រួល​តាម​ទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត
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ស្លាក: កែ​សម្រួល​តាម​ទូរស័ព្ទ កំណែប្រែពីអ៊ីនធើណិតចល័ត
បន្ទាត់ទី១៖ បន្ទាត់ទី១៖
'''សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក''' គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗដែលកើតឡើងរវាង[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]]និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តបារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយ[[ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍|ណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ]], ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយ[[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]]។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានកើតចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពី[[បដិវត្តបារាំង]]និងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជាជម្លោះវាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី|សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី]] (១៨០៥), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបួន|ទីបួន]] (១៨០៦-០៧), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំ|ទីប្រាំ]] (១៨០៩), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំមួយ|ទីប្រាំមួយ]] (១៩១៣), និង[[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំពីរ|ទីប្រាំពីរ]] (១៨១៥)។
'''សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក''' គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗដែលកើតឡើងរវាង[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|ចក្រភពបារាំង]]និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តបារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយ[[ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍|ណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ]], ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយ[[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]]។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានកើតចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពី[[បដិវត្តបារាំង]]និងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជាជម្លោះវាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី|សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី]] (១៨០៥), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបួន|ទីបួន]] (១៨០៦-០៧), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំ|ទីប្រាំ]] (១៨០៩), [[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំមួយ|ទីប្រាំមួយ]] (១៩១៣), និង[[សង្គ្រាមសម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីប្រាំពីរ|ទីប្រាំពីរ]] (១៨១៥)។


{{Infobox military conflict
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| conflict = Napoleonic Wars<br />

| image = [[File:Austerlitz-baron-Pascal.jpg|300px|border|Austerlitz]][[File:Battle of Waterloo 1815.PNG|300px|border|Waterloo]]
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| caption = '''Top''': [[Battle of Austerlitz]]<br/>'''Bottom''': [[Battle of Waterloo]]

| date = {{start and end dates|1803|5|18|1815|11|20|df=yes}}<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=18|year1=1803|month2=11|day2=15|year2=1815}})
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| place = [[Europe]], [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[North Sea]], [[Río de la Plata]], [[French Guiana]], [[West Indies]], [[Indian Ocean]], [[North America]], [[Caucasus]]

| result = Coalition victory<br/>[[Congress of Vienna]]<small>{{Collapsible list|title='''Full results'''|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;|
Napoleonic Wars
*Exile of [[Napoleon I]] to [[St. Helena]]<ref>{{cite book|author=John Sainsbury|title=Sketch of the Napoleon Museum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwNmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1842|location=London|page=15}}</ref>

*Fall of the [[First French Empire]]
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*[[Bourbon Restoration|Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy]]

*Dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]<ref name="Reich1905">{{harvnb|Reich|1905|p=622}}</ref> and [[Treaty of Kiel|Denmark-Norway]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Denmark.html|title=Denmark|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=18 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Norway.htm|title=Norway|publisher=World Statesmen|accessdate=18 January 2015}}</ref>
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom. The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and its resultant conflict. The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813), and the Seventh (1815).
*Decline of the [[Spanish American Wars of Independence|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] empires<ref name="Keith Haynes 2012"/>

*Establishment of the [[United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway]],<ref>Schäfer, Anton (2002). Zeittafel der Rechtsgeschichte. Von den Anfängen über Rom bis 1919. Mit Schwerpunkt Österreich und zeitgenössischen Bezügen (in German) (3 ed.). Edition Europa Verlag. {{ISBN|3-9500616-8-1}}. p. 137</ref> and the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]]<ref>Edward ''et al.'', pp. 522–524</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parlement.com/id/vhnnmt7m42jk/de_grondwet_van_1815 |title=De Grondwet van 1815 |website=Parlement & Politiek |accessdate=26 June 2014 |language=Dutch}}</ref>
Napoleonic Wars
*Rise of the [[British Empire]] as the [[Pax Britannica|dominant world superpower]]<ref name="The Royal Navy">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/511494/The-Royal-Navy|title=The Royal Navy|work=Britannica Online|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=15 February 2016}}</ref>

*Rise of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] as a great power<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEDKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA255|title=The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830|publisher=}}</ref>
Top: Battle of Austerlitz
*Beginning of the [[Italian unification|Risorgimento]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Collier|first=Martin|title=Italian unification, 1820–71|year=2003|publisher=Heinemann|location=Oxford|isbn=0-435-32754-2|edition=First|page=2|series=Heinemann Advanced History|quote=The ''Risorgimento'' is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Riall|first=Lucy|title=The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification|year=1994|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-203-41234-6|edition=First|page=1|quote=The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history}}</ref> and the [[Unification of Germany]]<ref>Jakob Walter, and Marc Raeff. ''The diary of a Napoleonic foot soldier''. Princeton, N.J., 1996.</ref>

*Widespread rise of [[nationalism]] and [[liberalism]] in [[Europe]]<ref>Martyn Lyons p. 234–36</ref>{{sfn|Payne|1973|pp=432–433}}
Bottom: Battle of WaterlooDate18 May 1803 – 20 November 1815
*Major population loss{{sfn|Esdaile|2008|p={{page needed|date=February 2017}}}} }}

| combatant1 = {{Unbulleted list
(12 years, 5 months and 4 weeks)Location
|'''[[Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars|Coalition powers:]]'''

|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
Europe, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Río de la Plata, French Guiana, West Indies, Indian Ocean, North America, Caucasus
|{{flagicon|Hanover|1692}} [[Electorate of Hanover|Hanover]]<ref group=lower-alpha>Hanover was in a [[Personal Union]] with Great Britain</ref>

|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]{{refn|1805, 1809, 1813–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha>The term "Austrian Empire" came into use after Napoleon crowned himself [[Emperor of the French]] in 1804, whereby [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]] took the title [[Emperor of Austria]] (''{{lang|de|Kaiser von Österreich}}'') in response. The [[Holy Roman Empire]] was dissolved in 1806, and consequently "Emperor of Austria" became Francis' primary title. For this reason, "Austrian Empire" is often used instead of "Holy Roman Empire" for brevity's sake when speaking of the Napoleonic Wars, even though the two entities are not synonymous.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha>Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the [[French Invasion of Russia]] in 1812.</ref>
ResultCoalition victory
|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha>Russia became an ally of France following the [[Treaty of Tilsit]] in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against [[Finnish War|Sweden]] (1808–1809) and the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)|Ottoman Empire]] (1806–1812), and nominally against [[Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)|Britain]] (1807–1812).</ref>

|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1815|group=lower-greek}}
Congress of Vienna
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Enlightenment Spain|Spain]]{{refn|1808–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha>Spain was an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then fought France in the [[Peninsular War]].</ref>

|{{flagicon image|Flag Portugal (1750).svg}} [[Portuguese Empire]]{{refn|1800–1807, 1809–1815|group=lower-greek}}
Full results
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1804–1809, 1812–1815|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha>Nominally, Sweden declared [[Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)|war against Great Britain]] after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808–1809).</ref>

|{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Émigré armies of the French Revolutionary Wars|French Royalists]]
Exile of Napoleon I to St. Helena[4]Fall of the First French EmpireRestoration of the Bourbon monarchyDissolution of the Holy Roman Empire[5] and Denmark-Norway[6][7]Decline of the Spanish and Portuguese empires[8]Establishment of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway,[9] and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands[10][11]Rise of the British Empire as the dominant world superpower[12]Rise of Prussia as a great power[13]Beginning of the Risorgimento[14][15] and the Unification of Germany[16]Widespread rise of nationalismand liberalism in Europe[17][18]Major population loss&#x5B;[[វិគីភីឌា:Citing sources|page&nbsp;needed]]&#x5D;_56-0" class="reference" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; vertical-align: super; background: none; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;">[19]
|{{flagicon|Papal States|old}} [[Papal States]]

|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1807–1812|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha">The Ottoman Empire fought against Napoleon in the [[French Campaign in Egypt and Syria]] as part of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. During the Napoleonic era of 1803 to 1815, the Empire participated in two wars against the Allies: against Britain in the [[Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)]] and against Russia in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)]]. Russia was allied with Napoleon 1807–1810.</ref>
Belligerents
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha>Qajar dynasty fought against Russia from 1804 to 1813; the Russians were allied with Napoleon 1807–1812.</ref>

|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Sicily}}{{refn|1806–1815|group=lower-greek}}{{refn|Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until Naples became a French client-republic following the [[Battle of Campo Tenese]] in 1806.|group=lower-alpha}}
Coalition Forces: United Kingdom Austria[α][a][b] Russian Empire[β][c] Prussia[γ] Spain[δ][d] Portugal[ε] Sweden[ζ][e] French Royalists Papal States Ottoman Empire[η][f] Persia[η][g] Sicily[θ][h] Hungary[ι][i] Hanover[j] Bavaria[κ] Württemberg[κ] Saxony[κ] Sardinia[λ] United Netherlands[λ] Brunswick[λ] Tuscany[λ] Nassau[λ] Montenegro[μ]
|[[File:Blason louis II de Hongrie.svg|19px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Hungary]]{{refn|1809|group=lower-greek}}{{refn|The [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]] participated in the war with separate Hungarian regiments<ref>James R. Arnold: ''Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna'', ABC-Clio, 2003 [https://books.google.com/books?id=63xTTaYTbrwC&pg=PA36]</ref><ref>The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (''{{lang|de|Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer}}'') 1805 – 1809:

The Hungarian Royal Army [http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Austria/ArmyStudy/c_AustrianArmyHungary.html]</ref> in the Imperial and Royal Army, and also by a traditional army ("insurrectio").<ref>Todd Fisher: ''The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812'', Oshray Publishing, 2001 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fpNMC02Im0YC&pg=PA7]</ref> The Hungarian Diet voted to join in war and agreed to pay one third of the war expenses.|group=lower-alpha}}
Wars
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg}} [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]{{refn|1813–1815|name="13–15"|group=lower-greek}}

|{{flagicon image|Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg}} [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]<ref name="13-15" group=lower-greek/>
Austerlitz]]
|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Saxony}} [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]]<ref name="13-15" group=lower-greek/>

|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Sardinia}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]]{{refn|1815|name="year1815"|group=lower-greek}}
<nowiki>dates|1803|5|18|1815|11|20|df=yes}}</nowiki>
|{{flagicon|United Netherlands}} [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|United Netherlands]]<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/>

|{{flagcountry|Brunswick}}<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/>
victory
|{{flagicon image|State flag simple of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Tuscany]]<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/>

|{{flagicon image|Flag of the House of Nassau Weilburg.svg}} [[Nassau (state)|Nassau]]<ref name="year1815" group=lower-greek/>
<small>empires</small><center>killed</center>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]{{refn|1806–1807, 1813–1814|group=lower-greek}}

}}
Austerlitz]]
| combatant2 = '''[[First French Empire|French Empire and allies:]]'''<br />{{flagicon|First French Republic}} [[First French Republic|French Republic]] (1792–1804)<br />{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[First French Empire|French Empire]] (1804–1815)<br />{{collapsible list

|bullets = yes
<nowiki>dates|1803|5|18|1815|11|20|df=yes}}</nowiki>
|title = French [[Client state|clients]]:

<small>|{{flagcountry|Napoleonic Italy}}
victory
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[Duchy of Warsaw]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha>Napoleon established the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], ruled by the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] in 1807. [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]] had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.</ref>

|[[File:POL COA Ciołek.svg|20px]] [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]]<ref name="auto" group=lower-alpha/>
<small>empires</small><center>killed</center>
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Kingdom of Holland|Holland]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Holland]] in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the [[Hundred Days]] in 1815.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg}} [[Kingdom of Etruria|Etruria]]<ref group=lower-alpha>The French Empire annexed the [[Kingdom of Etruria]] in 1807.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[Principality of Lucca and Piombino|Lucca-Piombino]]
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Naples|1811}}<ref group=lower-alpha>The [[Kingdom of Naples]], briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the [[Neapolitan War]] in 1815.</ref>
|{{flagicon|Swiss}} [[Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic)|Switzerland]]
|[[Confederation of the Rhine]]{{refn|1808–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] in July 1806 following the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] (December 1805). Following the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]] (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the [[Battle of Leipzig]], causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.</ref><ref group=lower-alpha>These four states{{which|date=June 2017}} were the leading nations of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up of a total of 43 principalities, kingdoms, and duchies.</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Bandera de España 1808-1813.svg}} [[Kingdom of Spain (Napoleonic)|Bonapartist Spain]]<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/></small>
}}
----
{{Unbulleted list
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Enlightenment Spain|Spain]]{{refn|1803–1808|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceB" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark–Norway]]<ref name="ReferenceDN" group=lower-alpha>Denmark-Norway remained neutral until the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)]]. Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814. Following a brief [[Swedish-Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish campaign against Norway]], Norway entered a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with Sweden.</ref>{{refn|1807–1814|group=lower-greek}}}}
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]<ref name="Francis II 1806" group=lower-alpha/><ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>{{refn|1809–1813|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}{{refn|1806–1809|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Allies 1809" group="lower-alpha"/>
|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire]]{{refn|name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Russo-Turkish War 1812" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagcountry|Prussia|1803}}{{refn||name="07-12"|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceA" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Agha Mohammad Khan.svg}} [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]]{{refn|1804–1807, 1812–1813|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="ReferenceC" group=lower-alpha/>
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}{{refn|1810–1812|group=lower-greek}}<ref name="Nominally 1812" group=lower-alpha/>
----
{{flag|United States|1795}}{{refn|In the [[War of 1812]] (1812–1815)|group=lower-greek}}
}}
| commander1 = {{Unbulleted list
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Prince George]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Prince Frederick]]
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Prince William]]
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]]
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles]]
|{{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} [[Archduke John of Austria|Archduke John]]
|[[File: Russian Imperial Standart 1730.png|border|24px]] [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]]
|{{flagicon|Prussia|1803}} [[Frederick William III of Prussia|Frederick William III]]
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]]
|{{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag Portugal (1750).svg}} [[Maria I of Portugal|Maria I]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag Portugal (1750).svg}} [[John VI of Portugal|Prince Regent John]]
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Selim III]]
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mustafa IV]]
|{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Mahmud II]]
|{{flagicon|United Netherlands}} [[William I of the Netherlands|Prince of Orange]]
|{{Flagicon|United Netherlands}} [[William II of the Netherlands|William II]]
|{{flagicon|Two Sicilies}} [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Charles XIV of Sweden|Prince Charles John]]
|{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]]
}}
| commander2 = {{Unbulleted list
|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]{{Surrendered}}
|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Joseph Bonaparte]]
|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Louis Bonaparte]]
|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Jérôme Bonaparte]]
|{{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Eugène de Beauharnais|Prince Eugène]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} [[Józef Poniatowski|Prince Poniatowski]]{{KIA}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg}} [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian I]]{{refn|name="untilLeipzig"|until the eve of the [[Battle of Leipzig]], 1813|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Saxony}} [[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick I]]{{refn|name="untilLeipzig"|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagicon image|Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg}} [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick I]]{{refn|until 1813|group=lower-greek}}
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]]
}}
| strength1 = {{Unbulleted list
|<small>900,000 Russian regulars, cossacks and militia at peak strength{{sfn|Riehn|1991|p=50}}
|750,000 British under arms in total
|250,000 British regulars and militia at peak strength<ref name="Oxford132">Chandler & Beckett, p. 132</ref>
|320,000 Prussian regulars and militia at peak strength<ref name="ReferenceA">''Blücher, scourge of Napoleon'', Leggiere</ref>
|Unknown numbers of Austrians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swedish and other coalition members</small>
}}
| strength2 = {{Unbulleted list
|<small>3,000,000 French under arms in total
|1,200,000 French regulars and militia at peak strength<ref name="John France 2011 351">{{cite book|author=John France|title=Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8-CHCRbISkC&pg=PT351|year=2011|publisher=Yale UP|page=351}}</ref>
|680,000 French and allied regulars at peak strength<ref>Correspondance générale – Tome 12: La campagne de Russie, 1812 Par Fondation Napoléon – https://books.google.com/books/about/Correspondance_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Tome_12.html?id=toua1U8uORQC&redir_esc=y</ref></small>
}}
| casualties1 = {{Unbulleted list
|<small>Italians: 120,000 killed or missing<ref name="White 2014, Urlanis">{{harvnb|White|2014|loc=''Napoleonic Wars''}} cites {{harvnb|Urlanis|1971}}</ref>
|Spanish: more than 300,000 military deaths<ref name="White 2014, Urlanis"/> — more than 586,000 killed{{sfn|Canales|2004}}
|Portuguese: up to 250,000 dead or missing<ref>{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Payne}}</ref>
|British: 32,232 killed in action<!--6,663 navy + 25,569 army--><ref name="White 2014, Dumas">{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Dumas|1923}} citing Hodge</ref>
|British: 279,574 killed by wounds, disease, accidents and other causes<ref name="White 2014, Dumas"/>
|Russian: 289,000 killed in action<ref name="White 2014, Danzer">{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Danzer}}</ref>
|Prussian: 134,000 killed in action<ref name="White 2014, Danzer"/>
|Austrian: 550,220 killed in action (1792–1815)<ref>{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Clodfelter}}</ref><ref name="White 2014, Danzer"/></small>
}}
| casualties2 = {{Unbulleted list
|<small>371,000 killed in action<ref>{{harvnb|White|2014}} cites {{harvnb|Bodart|1916}}</ref>
|800,000 killed by disease, wounds, accidents and other causes{{sfn|Philo|2010}}
|600,000 civilians killed{{sfn|Philo|2010}}
|65,000 French allies killed</small>{{sfn|Philo|2010}}
}}
{{hidden end}}
| notes = <center>Total 3,707,000+ military and civilians killed</center> {{reflist|group=lower-greek|2}}
}}

កំណែនៅ ម៉ោង១០:០០ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៩ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩

សង្គ្រាមណាបូឡេអូនីក គឺជាចំនួននៃជម្លោះធំៗដែលកើតឡើងរវាងចក្រភពបារាំងនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តបារាំង, ដឹកនាំដោយណាប៉ូលេអុងទីមួយ, ដើម្បីប្រឆាំងនឹងការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកមហាអំណាចអឺរ៉ុប, ហិរញ្ញប្បទាននិងនាំមុខដោយចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស។ សង្គ្រាមមួយនេះបានកើតចេញពីជម្លោះដែលមិនទាន់ដោះស្រាយហើយ និងមានទំនាក់ទំនងចេញពីបដិវត្តបារាំងនិងលទ្ធផលនៃជម្លោះនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនេះច្រើនបែងចែកជាជម្លោះវាជាប្រាំរួមមាន: សម្ព័ន្ធភាពទីបី (១៨០៥), ទីបួន (១៨០៦-០៧), ទីប្រាំ (១៨០៩), ទីប្រាំមួយ (១៩១៣), និងទីប្រាំពីរ (១៨១៥)។


Napoleonic Wars
AusterlitzWaterloo
Top: Battle of Austerlitz
Bottom: Battle of Waterloo
កាលបរិច្ឆេទ ១៨ ខែឧសភា ១៨០៣ – ២០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ១៨១៥ (១៨០៣-០៥-១៨ – ១៨១៥-១១-២០)
(12 ឆ្នាំ, 5 ខែ និង 3 សប្ដាហ៍)
ទីតាំង Europe, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Río de la Plata, French Guiana, West Indies, Indian Ocean, North America, Caucasus
លទ្ធផល Coalition victory
Congress of Vienna
ភាគីសង្គ្រាម
French Empire and allies:
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស First French Republic French Republic (1792–1804)
ទំព័រគំរូ:ទិន្នន័យប្រទេស First French Empire French Empire (1804–1815)
មេបញ្ជាការ និង មេដឹកនាំ
កម្លាំង
  • 900,000 Russian regulars, cossacks and militia at peak strength[២០]
  • 750,000 British under arms in total
  • 250,000 British regulars and militia at peak strength[២១]
  • 320,000 Prussian regulars and militia at peak strength[២២]
  • Unknown numbers of Austrians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swedish and other coalition members
  • 3,000,000 French under arms in total
  • 1,200,000 French regulars and militia at peak strength[២៣]
  • 680,000 French and allied regulars at peak strength[២៤]
សហេតុភាព និង ការខាងបង់
  • Italians: 120,000 killed or missing[២៥]
  • Spanish: more than 300,000 military deaths[២៥] — more than 586,000 killed[២៦]
  • Portuguese: up to 250,000 dead or missing[២៧]
  • British: 32,232 killed in action[២៨]
  • British: 279,574 killed by wounds, disease, accidents and other causes[២៨]
  • Russian: 289,000 killed in action[២៩]
  • Prussian: 134,000 killed in action[២៩]
  • Austrian: 550,220 killed in action (1792–1815)[៣០][២៩]
  • 371,000 killed in action[៣១]
  • 800,000 killed by disease, wounds, accidents and other causes[៣២]
  • 600,000 civilians killed[៣២]
  • 65,000 French allies killed[៣២]
Total 3,707,000+ military and civilians killed
  1. ↑ 1805, 1809, 1813–1815
  2. ↑ 1804–1807, 1812–1815
  3. ↑ 1806–1807, 1813–1815
  4. ↑ 1808–1815
  5. ↑ 1800–1807, 1809–1815
  6. ↑ 1804–1809, 1812–1815
  7. ↑ ៧,០ ៧,១ ៧,២ ៧,៣ 1807–1812
  8. ↑ 1806–1815
  9. ↑ 1809
  10. ↑ 1813–1815
  11. ↑ ១១,០ ១១,១ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 13-15
  12. ↑ ១២,០ ១២,១ ១២,២ ១២,៣ ១២,៤ 1815
  13. ↑ 1806–1807, 1813–1814
  14. ↑ 1808–1813
  15. ↑ 1803–1808
  16. ↑ 1807–1814
  17. ↑ 1809–1813
  18. ↑ 1806–1809
  19. ↑ 1804–1807, 1812–1813
  20. ↑ 1810–1812
  21. ↑ In the War of 1812 (1812–1815)
  22. ↑ ២២,០ ២២,១ until the eve of the Battle of Leipzig, 1813
  23. ↑ until 1813
  1. ↑ John Sainsbury (1842). Sketch of the Napoleon Museum. London. p. 15. https://books.google.com/books?id=TwNmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15. 
  2. ↑ Reich 1905, ទ. 622
  3. ↑ "Denmark". World Statesmen. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  4. ↑ "Norway". World Statesmen. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Keith Haynes 2012
  6. ↑ Schäfer, Anton (2002). Zeittafel der Rechtsgeschichte. Von den Anfängen über Rom bis 1919. Mit Schwerpunkt Österreich und zeitgenössischen Bezügen (in German) (3 ed.). Edition Europa Verlag. ISBN 3-9500616-8-1. p. 137
  7. ↑ Edward et al., pp. 522–524
  8. ↑ "De Grondwet van 1815". Parlement & Politiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 June 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ↑ "The Royal Navy". Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  10. ↑ "The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830".
  11. ↑ Collier, Martin (2003). Italian unification, 1820–71. Heinemann Advanced History (First រ.រ.). Oxford: Heinemann. p. 2. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-435-32754-2. "The Risorgimento is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871" 
  12. ↑ Riall, Lucy (1994). The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification (First រ.រ.). London: Routledge. p. 1. ល.ស.ប.អ. 0-203-41234-6. "The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history" 
  13. ↑ Jakob Walter, and Marc Raeff. The diary of a Napoleonic foot soldier. Princeton, N.J., 1996.
  14. ↑ Martyn Lyons p. 234–36
  15. ↑ Payne 1973, pp. 432–433.
  16. [[#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsdaile2008[[Category:អត្ថបទវិគីភីឌាត្រូវការអាគតដ្ឋានលេខទំព័រពីFebruary_2017]][[Category:អត្ថបទដែលមានបរាមាត្រកាលបរិច្ឆេទអសុពលភាពក្នុងទំព័រគំរូ]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000F-QINU`"'_(February_2017)">ទំព័រត្រូវការ</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_16-0|↑]] Esdaile 2008, p. [ទំព័រត្រូវការ].
  17. ↑ James R. Arnold: Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna, ABC-Clio, 2003 [១]
  18. ↑ The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche Heer) 1805 – 1809: The Hungarian Royal Army [២]
  19. ↑ Todd Fisher: The Napoleonic Wars: The Empires Fight Back 1808–1812, Oshray Publishing, 2001 [៣]
  20. ↑ Riehn 1991, p. 50.
  21. ↑ Chandler & Beckett, p. 132
  22. ↑ Blücher, scourge of Napoleon, Leggiere
  23. ↑ John France (2011). Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power. Yale UP. p. 351. https://books.google.com/books?id=w8-CHCRbISkC&pg=PT351. 
  24. ↑ Correspondance générale – Tome 12: La campagne de Russie, 1812 Par Fondation Napoléon – https://books.google.com/books/about/Correspondance_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Tome_12.html?id=toua1U8uORQC&redir_esc=y
  25. ↑ ២៥,០ ២៥,១ White 2014, Napoleonic Wars cites Urlanis 1971
  26. ↑ Canales 2004.
  27. ↑ White 2014 cites Payne
  28. ↑ ២៨,០ ២៨,១ White 2014 cites Dumas 1923 citing Hodge
  29. ↑ ២៩,០ ២៩,១ ២៩,២ White 2014 cites Danzer
  30. ↑ White 2014 cites Clodfelter
  31. ↑ White 2014 cites Bodart 1916
  32. ↑ ៣២,០ ៣២,១ ៣២,២ Philo 2010.


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